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S.T. van den Broek

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Exploring an Interstellar Object

How unique is the Earth? Placing our planet and our Solar System in context of other stellar systems is a key driver in both astronomy and planetary science in the current age. Since in situ measurements on exoplanets are currently impossible to obtain, the HESTIA mission will target the closest alternative: interstellar objects, which originate from beyond our Solar System and pass through it only briefly as temporary visitors. These interstellar objects (ISOs) can provide unique insights in how planetary systems form, since they consist of pristine material originating from stellar systems beyond our own. HESTIA, or the Hyperbolic Earth-launched Spacecraft for Targeted Interstellar Approach, is a rapid-response mission able to perform a rendezvous approach with a future ISO. The mission will utilise remote sensing and a dedicated lander to maximise the scientific return. Onboard instruments are capable of performing infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and (thermal) imaging to study the ISO's possible prebiotic and geologic composition, including sub-surface measurements. To accomplish the rendezvous, the mission is designed to target high-velocity hyperbolic orbits capable of intercepting an ISO at large distances. Additionally, a dedicated high-temperature gas reactor is used to power the electric propulsion system capable of delivering extremely high delta-v. The HESTIA mission integrates this innovative high-quality design to perform a first-of-its-kind mission that studies an interstellar object with great detail, while building a platform that allows us to open up the doors to plenty other objects in our Solar System. ...