Indoor environmental conditions (thermal, noise, light, and indoor air quality) may affect
workers’ comfort, and consequently their health and well-being, as well as their productivity.
This study aimed to assess the relations between perceived indoor environment and occupants’
comfort, and to examine the modifying effects of both personal and building characteristics.
Within the framework of the European project OFFICAIR, a questionnaire survey was administered to
7441 workers in 167 “modern” office buildings in eight European countries (Finland, France, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain). Occupants assessed indoor environmental
quality (IEQ) using both crude IEQ items (satisfaction with thermal comfort, noise, light, and indoor
air quality), and detailed items related to indoor environmental parameters (e.g., too hot/cold
temperature, humid/dry air, noise inside/outside, natural/artificial light, odor) of their office
environment. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relations between
perceived IEQ and occupants’ comfort. The highest association with occupants’ overall comfort was
found for “noise”, followed by “air quality”, “light” and “thermal” satisfaction. Analysis of detailed
parameters revealed that “noise inside the buildings” was highly associated with occupants’ overall
comfort. “Layout of the offices” was the next parameter highly associated with overall comfort.
The relations between IEQ and comfort differed by personal characteristics (gender, age, and the
Effort Reward Imbalance index), and building characteristics (office type and building’s location).
Workplace design should take into account both occupant and the building characteristics in order to
provide healthier and more comfortable conditions to their occupants.

Objectives Ocular discomfort is a prevalent health complaint in offices. It is hypothesized that, in addition to individual and occupational factors, the buildings' indoor environment may affect eye complaints. However, insight in potential building-related causal factors, needed to allow development of effective prevention strategies in building design, operation and maintenance is limited. This study aimed to investigate the relations between modern office building characteristics and dry eye complaints. Methods Comprehensive characteristics of 167 office buildings in eight European countries, were linked to questionnaire data from 7441 office workers. Multilevel modeling was applied to explore relations between building characteristics and self-reported dry eye complaints, in a cross-sectional study. Results Among office workers investigated, 34% declared dry eye complaints during the past four weeks. Majority of workers (91.2%) experiencing these symptoms, reported improvement on days away from the office. After full adjustment, the regression model revealed a significant increased risk for: proximity (<100 m) to potential sources of outdoor air pollution (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06–1.88), absence of operable windows (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.34–2.16), portable humidifiers in the offices (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.18–2.11), exposed concrete and/or plaster (OR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.02–1.62) and dispersion and/or emulsion paint as wall covering in offices (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01–1.41). A negative association was found for cleaning surfaces at least once per week (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61–0.91). Conclusions Building characteristics were associated with dry eye complaints of office workers. Focused studies are recommended to investigate underlying causes to prevent these symptoms.