Citizen science, an approach where the general public collaborates with academic researchers to contribute to scientific research, offers significant benefits for both science and society. Despite its potential, the field faces significant challenges that limit its impact, particularly in maintaining participant motivation. Additionally, citizen science projects often struggle with issues related to cost, especially when they incorporate physical measuring instruments. Limited budgets typically result in instruments that lack robustness, usability, and scalability, further diminishing participant engagement, and in turn, the overall effectiveness of citizen science initiatives. These challenges formed the foundation of the project’s goal: design a measuring instrument for citizen science to enhance engagement.

Collaborating with design studio Dott Achilles, the project explored not only the technical and user-centred aspects of the design, but also the question whether commercialization could facilitate broader participation. The goal was to develop a product that could lower barriers to participation and increase incentives for both researchers and participants while adhering to the core principles of citizen science, such as transparency, ethical data use, and inclusivity.

To inform the design process, a comprehensive analysis of citizen science was conducted, combining a literature review with stakeholder interviews to identify key principles, challenges, and opportunities for improvement. This research led to the development of a vision for a modular, scalable and user-friendly product-service system that could engage a diverse range of participants across varying contexts, balancing the needs of citizen scientists, researchers, and local organizers.

Through an iterative process involving exploring, prototyping, testing, and refinement, a final product emerged centred around a physical measuring instrument. The instrument features customizable sensor modules and various mounting options, enabling deployment in numerous contexts, including outdoor residential and natural settings. Its plug-and-play design ensures accessibility for users, regardless of their technical expertise. The design adopts a stylized, friendly, and approachable aesthetic that aligns with citizen science principles and increases adaptability. Additionally, the design incorporates elements to inform non-participating, ambient users, stimulating trust and transparency. The robust, scalable, and repairable design allows the instrument to be reused across multiple projects, reducing environmental impact and enabling new financial models.

An integrated online platform complements the physical instrument. Features such as real-time data visualization, personalized feedback, and tools for data exploration and comparison were explored at a functional level, aiming to enhance participants’ motivation by acknowledging the critical role of their contributions. Particular attention was given to the interactive installation help that utilizes the instrument’s design cues to guide users during installation. This feature, alongside the instrument’s general usability, was validated through a usability study and expert reviews.

This thesis demonstrates how design can address the challenges of citizen science, particularly in relation to physical measuring instruments. By creating an impactful product that empowers citizens, enhances engagement, and supports local organizers, the project contributes to maximizing the scientific and societal impact of citizen science.