The early goal of this project is to investigate a local healthcare context for implementation of a technology under development by TU Delft. The technology is intended to create a smartphone-based Rapid Diagnostic Test that can detect Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. The project tried to understand the local healthcare context and find the essential characteristics that can match with the characteristic of technology under development. Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya possess non-specific symptoms. Hence, making a clinical diagnosis only through symptoms recognition is challenging. A supporting diagnostic test is needed to verify the diagnosis. However, a reliable and easy to use diagnostic test for Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya is not always available. A case study was performed in Indonesia to understand the current situation of local healthcare context. It investigated the local health care system, the diagnostic and treatment process, the available tests, and also the potential users. In Indonesia, Dengue is rarely diagnosed through a specific Dengue diagnostic test. The main reason of that is due to the affordability of Diagnostic test. Hence, the healthcare professionals prescribe a complete blood count test instead of a Dengue antigen detection test. Another reasons that medical professionals only prescribe the Complete Blood Count test is because it provide a better understanding of patients general condition. However, for nurses and midwives, understanding the result from Blood Count is difficult. It is more helpful for them if they can get a quick definitive result about Dengue early on. It result on three step of product innovation that started with a simple yet robust product for early detection, an smart diagnostic that can detect and monitor patients progress, and finally a smart product with data analytic function that can provide insights for policymakers and researchers. From the three concepts, a strategic roadmap with three horizons was developed. Each horizon brings the product innovation process a step closer to the future vision. The first horizon focus on market introduction, the second horizon focus on engaging more people and building a database, the last horizon focus on database utilization.

This report is a graduation thesis for the master Integrated Product Design at the Delft University of Technology. Carried out in collaboration with Philips Design in the Netherlands. The project is about how to engage consumers in the transition from a linear towards a circular economy in which we make more efficient use of materials and resources. One of Philips’ objectives for 2020 (Philips.com, 2016) is that 15% of the turnover should come from solutions that meet Circular Economy principles. This was 8% in 2015 (Philips.be, 2016) which is a big change for a company. Senseo has a large installed base. This is due to the huge success of the product since its launch in 2001. In 2012 a Senseo could be found in 60% of Dutch, and 27% of French households (Expatica.com, 2012). Besides, Senseo is the best sold product in the coffee business of Philips, mainly because its ease of use (Senseo.nl, 2018). Because of the high volumes and high distribution in the Netherlands and surrounding countries, an opportunity is found for creating much circular impact with the Senseo. However, companies cannot shift to a circular economy alone: consumers are crucial in the success of the circular economy. Because even if a product is designed to circulate in a closed loop, its potential will only be realized if the consumer participates. Therefore, the goal of the project is to activate consumers to engage in the circular economy with a case study in Senseo coffee machines. Senseo users can show circular behavior by taking good care of the product and by repairing it when it is malfunctioning, for extending the product’s lifetime. At the end-of-life of the product, the user can contribute by disposing the product at proper recycling points in order for the materials to be reused. The outcome of the project is by integrating connectivity in the product (the internet of things, IoT), circular behavior among consumers can be stimulated and circular impact can be achieved. Two main findings of the analysis are: 1. Need for support at the point of malfunctioning 2. After-sales data gaps Connectivity (IoT) can contribute to these findings as follows. Connectivity can improve support because it facilitates easy access. The support stimulates circular behavior because users that receive support are encouraged and more likely to solve the problem instead of replacing it. By registering the product, users data can be gathered. This enables a virtuous circle because with the gathered data the support can be based on customer segmentation (e.g. demographics) and users can receive more customized support. This corresponds to the Utopian vision that by means of a connected service, the Senseo has an unlimited lifetime and any of its parts can be replaced. Of course this is an ideal situation from an environmental perspective which cannot be achieved in the short term. By creating a roadmap, steps are proposed that contribute to getting closer to achieving this vision.

This project is executed in collaboration with Eveon Containers, a young start-up in the online retail of containers, as part of my Master thesis. In consultation with Eveon Containers, I decided to integrate the project and implement the results directly within the current business processes and assignments. The ideas and results solved the current needs and problems within the start-up. The project resulted in a practical solution presented as a vision for the coming eight years and consist of five deliverables that address important future subjects such as sustainability, the changing needs of customers, and market transformation. These deliverables take the form of a research report deconstructing the container market, a trend report looking at the upcoming eight years, a brand strategy to stand out in the market as the leader in container trading, and a roadmap with services and products that re-shape the value of a container. Additionally, I designed a book for the internal branding and culture of the company. It is an industry-wide, sociopolitical problem that makes improvements in the container market on efficiency and sustainability difficult and slows down the modernisation of the supply chain and shipping process. For example, most ports still use manual and paper-based processes without access to digital technology, creating a polarised environment (Shrives, 2021). For retail, container trading is a traditional, opaque process still using old practices; prices are not published and depend on how much experience you have in trading. Next to that, many parties are involved, between the moment a container is sold by a shipping line and the final purchase by the end-user. A, not at all, modernised process compared to today’s retail and e-commerce. The inefficient process is caused by the lack of knowledge, lack of trust, difference in interests and expectations in the market, and the nature of the maritime industry (Poh Chua, 2021). Other reasons for inefficiencies in the market are caused by a difference in export and import recourses and needs. The result of this is the congestion at ports, the empty movements of containers (Sanders et al., 2021), and the extreme high pick-up fees for new containers in China (Remes & Saxon, 2021). In the next ten years, significant trends will change how we look at sustainability, technology and digitalisation. The container as we know it today will be less, or even no longer, relevant. First of all, customers - businesses and consumers - expect more from their products regarding connectivity and the experience of purchasing and using a product or service. Therefore, it is unsurprising that the developed products, services, and strategy look beyond the container as a product. In ten years, container retail will be focused on smart containers and the additional services of data analytics and insights. Besides unique features and functionalities, an exceptionally seamless and smooth user experience will make or break a company. The designed 2030 strategy for Eveon is based on these insights.

This report provides an analysis of the consumer experience at the end-of-use phase of a product. The study in this report focussed on the consumer-product relationship: how this plays a role in the process of product detachment, and what this means for products at the end-of-use, with a specific attention for products in a circular economy. This end-of-use phase has been analysed with the goal of creating a design tool that enables industrial design students to design for the end-of-use consumer experience. A theoretical framework of detachment is developed that shows the process of consumers when wanting to detach themselves from their possession. This framework is based on the works of Roster (2001) and Türe (2014). The detachment process consists of two parts: (1) dispossession, which is the mental process of distancing yourself from the product, and (2) separation, which is the physical act of removing the product from your life. During the dispossession process, the consumer evaluates the product on what it is still worth to him and shows a dispossession behaviour to enable himself for physical separation. To be able to design for the end-of-use experience, designers need to comprehend the detachment process, the consequences of the dispossession behaviours and need to be able to apply this knowledge into designing an end-of-use experience. The developed design tool enables design students to analyse the detachment process with the use of consumer-product lifecycle, and recognize where opportunities lie for an end-of-use experience by reflecting on the lifecycle and defining a design goal, concluding the analysis. The tool will be used in a workshop context, where the students are introduced to the concept of detachment and the consumer experiences at the end-of-use. They are supported to find opportunities for which they could design a new end-of-use experience that stimulates their consumer to keep their product in the circular loop.

Bluebird, a Dutch airline company, was founded over 100 years ago. To this day, they aim to provide memorable experiences to their customers. To do so, Bluebird must service their customers well at every brand touchpoint. Even though digital self-service is becoming the norm, knowledgeable contact centre agents are important to ensure a seamless transition between the online and offline touchpoints. Hence, the customer service agents behind the phone, i.e. the front-line staff, play a crucial role in providing the right support and offers for the customer, and consequently in delivering the Bluebird brand experience. To provide the customer service, the agents rely on information that comes from Bluebird. This thesis specifically focuses on the information about ancillaries. The ancillaries refer to all additional options that a customer can buy to enrich the flight experience. By offering ancillaries, the airline responds to the upcoming customer demand for personalised travel experiences. However, Bluebird’s provision of timely and complete ancillary information currently falls short. Therefore, this thesis aims to investigate how the ancillary information flow to the contact centres can be improved. This thesis makes use of a design approach. By means of qualitative methods, it is investigated how the information currently travels from the source to the agent, and how the involved people experience this information flow. The research reveals that the information passes through a four-step chain: it travels from the Ancillary Team and their colleagues (i.e. ancillary stakeholders), via Bluebird Customer Services and the contact centre Knowledge Management, to the agent. This current flow does not make use of a structured process and highly depends on individual proactivity. As a result, the information flow is found to be unorganised and inefficient. Furthermore, the research shows that for the ancillary stakeholders it is not clear who, when, what and how they should inform. This results in confusion, misalignment, inconsistent output, and low levels of awareness and engagement in the process of communicating information. Hence, the goal of this thesis is to create an engaging approach to guide the ancillary stakeholders in an adequate information transfer process. During the design phase, co-creative sessions are used to explore solutions to meet the design goal. This phase results in the Information Journey concept, which consists of a process proposal, a corresponding template, and an explanatory manual. The process consists of clear steps and dedicated meeting moments to ensure early involvement of relevant stakeholders and creates the opportunity to exchange feedback between those stakeholders. The template corresponds to the proposed process steps. It specifies which information is required at which moment, and motivates users to complete the document. The manual contains detailed explanations of the process and its background, as well as tips for the stakeholders to apply during the proposed meeting moments. The Information Journey provides Bluebird with a set of tools that ensure a well-structured and consistent ancillary information flow towards the contact centre. The approach is flexible, reusable, and open for future iterations to make it worthwhile for the organisation.

This report presents an explorative study in finding solutions for finger tremor patients diagnosed with Essential Tremor (ET). Tremors restrict patients from performing delicate movements, creating difficulty in daily activities, such as drinking, writing, cooking or eating. Besides the challenges in performing tasks, social anxiety often occurs and negatively influences social life. Currently, solutions for people with tremors are limited. STIL recognized this need and designed an orthosis for people with wrist tremors. The solution from STIL is an orthosis called the BEAM. The BEAM mechanically suppresses the wrist flexion extension and forearm pronation-supination tremors. Evaluation of the current BEAM concluded that wrist tremors are successfully suppressed, but tremors situated mainly in the fingers need additional stabilization. This study aims to design a functional wearable that mechanically suppresses finger tremors. To better understand finger tremors, the project provides information on hand anatomy, the current market for finger wearables, and a video analysis of previous tests from STIL. The research found that there is limited knowledge about finger tremors and available wearables specifically designed for them. In user tests STIL saw many people with tremors also deal with a finger tremor, people can benefit from a finger wearable . In addition, the design scope research aimed to identify the specific needs and desires of people with finger tremors. The focus is on discovering a healthy and comfortable balance between freedom of movement and suppression of the fingers. The research conducted with three participant showed that the thumb, index, and middle fingers at the MCP (third joint from top of finger) and PIP (second joint from top of finger) joints need to be suppressed and that participants desire an inconspicuous and open design. The ideation phase exists out of multiple iterations. The basis of the ideation is a meeting with an expert in Emerging Materials, a morphological card, and brainstorming with the team of STIL. The basis concluded in four promising design directions, which could suppress the finger tremor: wires with springs, gel/air damping, elastic bands, and splints with different stiffnesses. Prototypes were built to research and test the four directions. Finally, the most interesting concepts are elastic bands and splints with different stiffness. The elastic bands give a counterforce to the fingers by pulling them backward. The silicone splints in a glove are made of silicone with spring steel which lies on the fingers. The working principle and ergonomics of the elastic bands and silicone splints have been validated in patient research. The results showed that the silicone splints were better in terms of performance and comfort, while the elastic bands were preferred in terms of design and adaptability. The final concept used the working principle of silicone splints. The final iteration focuses on appearance, ergonomics, usability, and connection to the BEAM. In conclusion, this report provides a foundation for STIL to further develop a wearable solution for people with finger tremors. The working principle of using silicone splints to suppress finger tremors is promising, but additional iterations are necessary.

Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) face major issues throughout the continuum of primary healthcare for child care (0-5 years). Altogether more than 10 million children die each year in developing countries before they reach their fifth birthday. WHO and UNICEF created an Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy to tackle this global issue. This design aims to improve the usability and scalability of this strategy at user level across India and Kenya. Context Variation by Design approach is used to focus on usability and scalability. In this approach, insights from different contexts are studied to find shared or opposing requirements. The product consists of a diagnostic device with a capability of providing four diagnostic information within the IMCI workflow. The product is designed to be scalable across various users with varying expertise and geographical contexts of India and Kenya.

Many resources are becoming depleted, and waste is a global issue. For accomplishing sustainable growth, the European Commission set the objective for achieving a circular economy in 2050. Rijkswaterstaat pushed this ambition even further, wanting to be circular in 2030. In the province Noord-Holland, the municipalities Bergen, Uitgeest, Castricum and Heiloo work together in the organization called ‘de BUCH’. They have the ambition to be the leading municipalities in circular economy. For their transition, they questioned the ‘Delft Design Lab Participatory City Making Lab’ at the University of Technology Delft: how to change the norm behaviour of their citizens towards circular norm behaviour at a local level? To answer this question, first the context was explored on the topics of waste, circular economy and behaviour change. After that the ambitious question of the BUCH is researched by researching how the citizens in the BUCH can be facilitated to the transition towards a circular economy. This is researched by 1) an intervention, 2) a competitor analysis on circular practices, 3) a survey on the behaviour of citizens in the BUCH, and 4) multiple semi-structured in-depth interviews. The key insight of the research is that a large proportion of the citizens in the BUCH is motivated to practice circular behaviour. However, the opportunity to do that is experienced as low. Various designs for those opportunities were made and evaluated. While operationalizing these designs, there was the critical insight: a circular initiative network is missing that brings together the ambitious and motivated citizens in the BUCH. This resulted in the final design: De BUCH rond maken: Samen doen we het. Consisting out of: •A Circular Initiative Network administrator: This person functions and acts as the network administrator of circular initiatives in the BUCH. The person enables to establish novel relationships between people and groups of people, which catalyses value to emerge between those people. •Initiative makers package: The package is a tool that citizens can request. It contains the essential steps to explain a circular initiative idea from multiple facets. The tool than helps to have conversations with other people, helping to operationalize the idea. •Do together: This is in essence a collaborating process. In order to catalyse this process, it is key to follow certain principles and have a certain mindset. Also, the role that the Circular initiative network administrator takes in such collaborative effort is key. The final design also contains a plan with key actions to follow, in order to facilitate the citizens in their transition towards a circular economy. A key action point is the communication towards the BUCH citizens, as having communication from multiple various sources will help in changing the norm. The design showed promising results in a creative session with initiative leaders and citizens from the BUCH municipalities. It is recommended that the final design is put further into a pilot for testing and development. This to, while doing that together, operationalize the transition of the BUCH citizens towards a circular economy.

This report presents the findings and recommendations of a research project focused on developing a comprehensive strategy for commercial smallholder farmers in urban and semi-urban areas of Kumasi, Ghana. The objective was to co-create a strategy that addresses the specific needs and challenges of farmers in the region. The research involved extensive field visits, interviews, and collaboration with farmers, stakeholders, and relevant institutions. The study identified three design challenges: developing a B2B strategy for farmers, enhancing farmers' brand awareness through marketing, and improving communication between market queens and farmers. In-depth interviews concluded that prioritizing the B2B strategy would be most beneficial due to demand from restaurants and hotels. Based on the chosen design challenge, strategic and tactical roadmaps were developed, drawing from literature research and coded interview transcripts. The roadmap consists of three horizons. The first horizon focuses on enhancing cooperation among farmers within a farmer organization to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their produce sales. This involves building a brand identity and establishing a strong sales structure. The second horizon centers around raising awareness among farmer organizations through various advertising channels, with a particular emphasis on packaging. Packaging plays a crucial role in extending shelf life, developing a strong brand identity, and enabling traceability. Efforts at the farmer level aim to increase brand awareness and drive customer demand for the farmer organization's produce. Students will also be involved in understanding brand development and designing effective marketing materials. The third and final horizon focuses on securing storage and cooling facilities that can be collectively utilized by farmer associations. These facilities, provided by the government, are contingent upon farmers' progress and achievements. Additionally, an educational component is proposed, targeting students at Kwadaso Agricultural College through workshops that highlight the importance of advertising, storage and cooling spaces, and collaborative efforts among farmers.

Urinary schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the Schistosoma haematobium parasite. People can get infected when they get into contact with contaminated fresh water. The disease is most prevalent amongst children, farmers and rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, the disease is diagnosed by microscopic egg count in laboratories. However, there are limitations to use of this method in low resource settings. At Delft University of Technology, smart diagnostics are under development that allow diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis without microscope. However, the user and diagnostic setting for these tests has not been specified yet. The goal of this project is to combine gaps in the healthcare system and the needs of stakeholders with technological possibilities into a target product profile for a diagnostic device for urinary schistosomiasis for specific use case scenarios. This project takes Nigeria as study field. There are two optical diagnostic methods under development, which combine a simple optical system with an algorithm to automatically detect S. haematobium ova in urine samples. The Schistoscope uses a reversed lens attached to a smartphone or Raspberry Pi camera to magnify and take an image of an urine sample. An algorithm localizes and classifies potential ova. The SODOS uses an optical sensor and a lens to perform a holographic analysis of urine samples. The algorithm digitally reconstructs the image, from which ova are classified. These technologies can offer the following benefits compared to microscopy; 1) Simple and user friendly; 2) Rapid; 3) Sensitive; 4) Robust and portable; 5) Affordable; 6) Data collection. An qualitative research with semi-structured interviews was conducted in Oyo State, Nigeria to explore the context and identify gaps and stakeholders for i) case management on primary healthcare level, and ii) the control & elimination program. The main problem in case management is that diagnosis is not done at primary level due to limited resources and awareness, which leads very few confirmed cases. For case management, the stakeholders are divided into healthcare enablers, formal health providers, informal health providers and healthcare receivers. The control & elimination program is divided into i) mapping of schistosomiasis prevalence and ii) mass drug administration during Deworming days. The problem in the control & elimination program is that lack of diagnosis leads to an unknown disease prevalence. As a result, there is limited government interest and funding. For the control & elimination program the stakeholders are divided into initiation, organization, mapping implementation, Deworming implementation and target populations. The benefits from technology were combined with gaps in the healthcare context into twelve opportunities for diagnostic scenarios. Three diagnostic scenarios were selected; 1) Test at PHC consult by a community health worker, which allows testing at PHC level; 2) Mapping of adult populations at risk, where adults are tested at occupational group meetings by community health worker and/or lab assistant; 3) Test as sensitization tool, where diagnosis is done by a community resource person in communities to create awareness. Insights from the research were combined into target product profiles with acceptable and ideal values for product attributes. A creative session was organized to determine the value of this specification list for product design.

Context within Philips: This thesis is part of a new project track within Philips with the goal of developing a roadmap of tangible and practical sustainable solutions, integrated in the Philips portfolio and inspired by a long-term vision. The case study of this project track and therefore thesis is the MCC business (Mother and Child Care). Redefining sustainability in 2030: Looking at current practices of sustainability, this thesis questions them as being too slow and not effective enough. This dissatisfaction with current actions required taking a step back and rethinking what sustainability means in this project. Resulting in using Gaia, a future with the ideal to "focus human activity towards restoring the natural dynamic balance of ecosystems that nourishes all life on earth", as the inspiration on what sustainability should become in the 2030. Concretely, this means from a consumer perspective that our mindset needs to evolve from exploiting nature to giving back to nature. From a business perspective, however, this means to deliver value to the entire ecosystem and not only to humans – in contrast to today's businesses’ monetary and human-serving focus. Process: The complex topic of sustainable parenthood was analyzed though system analysis, which resulted in the identification of the parent's dilemma of wanting to act eco-responsible but being immersed in triggers for overconsumption. To make the complexity of the dilemma comprehensible for the stakeholders it got translated into a story telling map. User research has been conducted to validate and analyze the identified dilemma in depth. Results: This thesis delivered three main results. 1. Insight cards. They are based on the user research, giving further details on the dilemma and providing insight on how to resolve it. The can be used by the MCC stakeholders to develop future BVPs. 2. Dilemma model. The insight cards can be mapped down within the story telling map. Resulting in a model explaining the dilemma parents face when it comes to becoming sustainable and mapping the insights needed on resolving this. 3. Vision. The quotes and insights of the qualitative study have been applied in the context of a participatory story building workshop to create personas and develop a sustainable future vision for MCC.

Kinderfaculteit Pendrecht, one of the programs of Stichting de Verre Bergen, offers children in Pendrecht the opportunity to spend their time in a useful way through after-school lessons. The Kinderfaculteit’s vision is to stimulate curiosity and perseverance among the children. As this vision is not yet integrated into their working method, the research team of Stichting de Verre Bergen is researching techniques to stimulate curiosity and perseverance. The aim of this graduation project is to integrate the core concepts of curiosity and perseverance within the Kinderfaculteit, using a design approach. The project utilizes the Double Diamond structure (Framework for Innovation: Design Council’s Evolved Double Diamond, 2022). Since this graduation project is a social design project, various methods involving stakeholders are utilized, including semi-structured interviews, observations, and co-creation sessions. In order to integrate curiosity and perseverance into the working method of the Kinderfaculteit, a roadmap is designed as a means to achieve this goal. Additionally, three concepts are designed to make each phase of the roadmap more tangible, while also serving as inspiration and potential starting points for the Kinderfaculteit. The roadmap and concepts are further explained in a booklet, which is delivered to the Kinderfaculteit as a final outcome. The resulting design is validated with one of the project managers of the Kinderfaculteit, yielding encouraging results since she is planning to incorporate the final design during the implementation of the core concepts. To enhance the feasibility of the design, suggestions are made to complement the roadmap and concepts. This project demonstrates that taking a design approach to stimulate specific behaviours within an organization, like the Kinderfaculteit, provides insights into the various touchpoints that can influence the stimulation of curiosity and perseverance. Learning specific behaviours involve numerous different variables beyond an individual (such as these touchpoints), which can be difficult to determine using conventional, analytical research methods. Given the predominant focus on individual-level research on learning these behaviours, the importance of investigating the stimulation of behaviours like curiosity and perseverance on an organizational and/or group level is emphasized, rather than solely at the individual level.

Plastic pollution is a well-known problem worldwide, and is still growing. It negatively affects humans and wildlife through animal death, groundwater pollution and incorporation of micro plastics in our digestive system. There are many initiatives focusing on reducing the negative effects of plastic pollution, but the amount of plastic consumed and the subsequent pollution is still increasing every year. Additionally, in the current COVID-19 pandemic the dependency on single-use plastics has increased exponentially. That is why it is important to keep improving recycling infrastructure, especially in low and middle-income countries. Their plastic waste management is often informal, and tools are insufficient for the correct management of plastic waste, resulting in plastic pollution.The research conducted in this thesis showed that especially t he sorting stage of the plastic recycling process is very time consuming and labor-intensive. This discovery led to the central research question: which resources can be developed to accelerate the process of plastic sorting for informal recyclers? Discrete near-infrared spectroscopy makes it possible to identify over 75% of all plastic used in everyday life. Therefore, it became my mission to make this technology accessible to recyclers in low and middle-income countries. By applying principles of context variation, local manufacturing and open development in the design process, tools that accelerate the sorting of plastic waste were created. This brings Plastic Identification Anywhere another step closer, with the end goal of fighting plastic pollution, together, today. The project described in this paper resulted in a complete ecosystem of open-source resources (figure 1) that can be used to implement near-infrared spectroscopy in any plastic waste management setting, especially in low and middle-income countries. This ecosystem consists of: -A breakout board that combines all components to emit and sense infrared light on a small printed circuit board with standard communication protocols. -A handheld scanner that integrates the breakout board into real-world applications. It enables local machine-learning processing of the sample, all in a compact form factor. -A kit that delivers all the components for the breakout board in a small package with clear instructions on how to assemble a breakout board, making board building more accessible. -A website that informs (and inspires) all potential users about the Plastic Scanner, connecting those who want a Plastic Scanner to those who can build a Plastic Scanner. -Documentation that is published online in its entirety, to enable cooperative working and transparency. This also makes it possible to modify a Plastic Scanner to personal preference. -Software that communicates with the hardware and implements machine learning for optimal and quick prediction of plastic types.

The motive for this thesis project was to translate an intervention into a product that is applicable and replicable in other neighbourhoods to improve the perceived safety. This project was executed in collaboration with MV Design and Matching Futures. These design consultancies initiated an intervention in 2019 to stimulate the energy transition in the neighbourhood Reyeroord in the south of Rotterdam. This intervention used the frame of the night and was therefore called ‘De Nacht Club’ (The Night Club). During this intervention, the perceived safety in the neighbourhood came forward as an issue. In 2021, the design consultancies wanted to proceed with this concept with the new motive of improving the perceived safety in neighbourhoods in the Netherlands. First, research was needed to identify why or how De Nacht Club could improve the perceived safety in neighbourhoods. Systems thinking is applied to describe how perceived safety in neighbourhoods originates. This research includes a theoretical study as to what perceived safety is, as well as field research with the neighbourhood Reyeroord as a case study. The combination of the desk and field research leads to the insights needed to create a systems map of perceived safety in neighbourhoods. Based on this system, possibility space is identified to intervene in the system, incorporating the existing knowledge and resources of the initial intervention. The research phase indicates that the perceived environment of people affects the perceived safety. By broadening people’s (social/physical) environment, people affect their expectations and perceptions of the environment. This can be done by broadening the public familiarity or strengthen the collective efficacy. The following field of tension comes forward. To increase one’s perceived environment, one must encounter or discover new environments. But discovering new environments is often unsafe and defiant in itself. This describes the frame of De Nacht Club: to offer a safe way to discover new – social and physical - environments. De Nacht Club uses the power of genuine encounters to do so. This way, De Nacht Club affects people’s perceived environment and therefore their perceived safety. In this report, a (re)design of the product (De Nacht Club) is presented with a coherent strategy to improve the perceived safety in neighbourhoods. The strategy consists of the substantiation of the design frame, a brand vision, mission and DNA and a three-piece method. Furthermore, the strategy includes a generic approach to applying the product to different neighbourhoods. This approach is presented in the shape of a set of design criteria for De Nacht Club. These criteria consist of six categories to ensure the value of an edition of De Nacht Club. Lastly, the set of criteria is refined based on expert validation. The product and coherent strategy designed in this project, translate the initial intervention into a coherent product to improve the perceived safety in neighbourhoods. The set of design criteria offers a generic approach to applying De Nacht Club to other neighbourhoods while ensuring the value of the intervention.

The reduction of waste materials is an important step towards a more circular economy. Within the mattress industry, the focus on sustainability and recycling has increased substantially over the last few years. In the Netherlands and a few other European countries the recycling of mattresses is strongly encouraged or made mandatory by local and national government. Matras Recycling Europe B.V. is a Dutch company that specialises in the collection and disassembly of used mattresses. In order for this business to be viable and to increase the circularity of the entire mattress industry, it is important to find a suitable application for each of the materials of a used mattress. This thesis focuses on researching the potential of the outer layer of the mattress: mattress ticking. This report describes the methods, outcomes and decisions that were made to create the final product. At the start of the project, the research question was: “How can recycled ticking materials be used to design pet products, in the most sustainable way?” The Material Driven Design method (Karana et al., 2015) was applied as a framework to determine the properties of the material, determining the market opportunities for mattress ticking. Focus groups with the target group resulted in insights, which in combination with interviews with experts and other research, resulted into a preliminary list of requirements where the product should abide by. After exploring multiple search areas, the search area “Travelling with dogs” was chosen because of the high viability. This search area led to 17 ideas, which were scored using the Harris profile method. After further elaboration of the three concepts (Fence, Sunshade and Hammock) that scored best, one concept was chosen because it had the highest viability and desirability. This concept (Fence) was developed into the final product: Dipi. Dipi is a simple dog tent that protects dogs from the sun and creates a secluded area for the dog to lay in. The product is lightweight and easy to use. The product is intended to bring along on holiday. The launch of the product is supported by a marketing strategy and a list of potential production partners, that is proposed to the client company. After materialising the final design of the product, a prototype was made. The final prototype was tested in an exploratory user test with the envisioned target group, after which final design recommendations were set up. The thesis is concluded with further recommendation for developing the Dipi and an extensive evaluation of the used methods during the project.

AiDx Medical is a medical start-up, a spin-off from the TUD, which Temitope Agbana currently leads. AiDx is developing an automated diagnostic device for emerging markets: the AiDx assist. AiDx has chosen Nigeria for the first market introduction since Temitope has his prime partners there. The idea for creating the start-up started with developing a device that can automatically detect malaria parasites in a blood sample as an improvement for the current gold standard microscopy method. This report summarizes the exploration into the malaria market in Nigeria, intending to create a proposition for a market introduction of the device: a proposition that is both viable and desirable for stakeholders in the market.

When we think about the fact that 70% of the earth is covered by water, it may be easy to assume that water is abundant and that it would never have to be an issue in terms of having a constant supply to drink. In reality, it is a very complex matter for everyone to be able to access and drink safe water. Water is essential to maintain life on earth but as a resource it is not always located and in the state that is ideal for consumption. Often what is accessible is either contaminated, in dispute or not appropriate for its intended use. With regards to water safety, Bangladesh is the country with the largest proportion of people exposed to arsenic contamination around the world, the situation of which has been described by the World Health Organisation (2010) as the “largest mass poisoning of a population in history”. From the various technologies available, it has been established that Piped Water Supply Systems show a lot of promise in providing safe water to Rural and Peri -Urban communities of Bangladesh. Issues with this new system include lack of trust in the system, high costs, infrastructural and technical issues and operation and maintenance issues. These along with a lack of knowledge on water safety and varied literacy rates are some of the factors that contribute to low acceptance of the system. Awareness and educational campaigns have had a positive influence on communities regarding their choice of safe water sources. New and effective methods of building awareness through different channels is needed for long term impact and behaviour change. Approximately 50% of the rural households own and use smart phones with Internet access, and this number is rapidly increasing. This shows scope for monitoring water supply systems and building knowledge with smart phones in order to reach and engage communities. Uncertainties within the system were identified and information topics under the themes of Water quality, Health, Water practices and Water sources was designed to be communicated to the people of Bangladesh through the TAPP smart phone application, in order to build their knowledge and understanding of water safety. The long term goals of this project includes acceptance and engagement of Bangladeshi communities towards Piped Water Supply(PWS) systems and to affect the behaviour of people with regards to their choices on consuming safe drinking water. The use of ICT as the communication channel is relatively low cost and has a broad range of possibility to reach the citizens. The impact can be great if the knowledge penetrates within the families, and thus help in changing people’s decisions around drinking water.

India is burdened by a variety of waste streams originating from both domestic and non-domestic sources, as a result of both production and consumption activities. The current infrastructure presents a challenge in handling these waste streams, resulting in a substantial volume of waste being mismanaged, losing value, and more concerningly, harming local communities and the environment. This project employed systemic design to explore a circular approach to this issue, namely to create value from textile waste, and how these activities may be enabled through a communication means. Cotton-based textile waste generated by first-tier garment manufacturers in India was placed as a system of interest. Through primary and secondary research, further understanding of the system was gathered. Three methods of analysis yielded insights on the stakeholders, (value creation) activities, material flow, as well as barriers and drivers of value creation. Ideas collected from creative brainstorming sessions, combined with research insights, produced potential leverage points for interventions in the system, that led to the formulation of a design direction and a future vision. An intervention in the form of an online knowledge base was conceptualised with the intent of closing knowledge gaps on circularity and the textile value chain, in order to propel informed circular actions from a system lens. It is targeted toward (potential) value creators with an existing motivation to create solutions for textile waste. The way of communicating information was built upon learnings from card sorting activities and the Three Horizons framework. Evaluation with the potential audience showed that the concept offered a valuable knowledge foundation in developing textile waste solutions. Additionally, it highlighted that more interventions would indeed be necessary to translate motivation into action. Learnings from the evaluation sessions were then incorporated into the concept iteration as well as future recommendations. This project was organised with Enviu as client partner, as part of the Putting Waste to Work project in partnership with Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Concordia Textiles, and Purfi Global.

This graduation project is about digital product 121. This product is developed by 510, the data and digitalization imitative of the Netherlands Red Cross. Through 121, a person affected (PA) by a humanitarian disaster, can receive Cash Based Aid (CBA) and Information as Aid (IAA). CBA is new form of aid, where the PA receives digital money instead of traditional in-kind aid such as food or water. There are several benefits of CBA over in-kind aid. First, it can be delivered faster as the PA does not have to travel to a certain location to receive the aid, but can receive it on their digital device. Furthermore, it can be safer for PA and Aid Workers (AW) as no cash money needs to be handled. Also, it creates more autonomy for the PA on how to use the aid. And last, for AW the process is more efficient because of the digitalization. 121 is a promising product that could be used in many different humanitarian contexts. Ideally, the product can be used autonomously. Meaning that the PA can register, receive the aid, and use the digital money without additional support. However, research by 510 showed that often people cannot use the product autonomously and need additional support. This support be for example an aid worker assisting with the registration, or providing internet access for people who have no access to internet. This graduation assignment was focused on finding out, what support system functionalities might be needed, for the product 121 to function optimally. Also, the goal of the project was to show the need and relevance of this support system to external stakeholders and internal stakeholders of 510, so that the development of a support system becomes an integral part in the development of 121. A case study on undocumented migrants has been conducted, to find out what support system functionalities might be needed for that specific context. This humanitarian context was chosen, because a 121 pilot program ran from November 2020 until May 2021. During this pilot program, insights of the product in context could be gathered. Also, through an ethnographic study, insights from the end users, the undocumented migrants and aid workers have been gathered. With the insights from the case study, design requirements could be formulated, for the design of a tool to design the support system for a certain context, and to show the need and relevance for this support system. The final concept is a support system design approach consisting of four steps. The approach is accompanied with templates and a support system design canvas. This canvas has been specifically designed to facilitate problem finding and solution generation for support system functionalities. Through a creative session with 510’s team members and external stakeholders, the canvas can be filled in and the support system functionalities defined. The last step is implementing these functionalities in the further design of 121. Because, with a support system in place, more people are able to receive the aid they need.

Mobile phones are one of the most ubiquitous devices in our lives. The ever-growing demand for mobile phones and rapid upgrade patterns, gives mobile phones an unsustainable linear character, with a big contribution to e-waste. This study is about stimulating consumers to return their mobile phones to extend its life or fulfill another purpose through refurbishment and recycling processes. This project is conducted for the case of KPN’s return program and aims towards a beneficial exchange between KPN and consumer. Beneficial transactions of resources, already take place for millions of years in nature, where designers can learn and derive inspirations from. Therefore, these are explored and used as an inspiration throughout this project. Simultaneously an analysis of the mobile phone ecosystem is done to understand how and why retailers and consumers behave in the current context. An in-depth study with consumers resulted in insights on the impact of factors on current take-back programs. Next, to financial incentives, family friendly practice and charitable/circular motives are identified as incentives during the end-of-use stage. Users need to be informed well on the importance of the return of phones, the ease of the method and their privacy. Also, the perceived value of payback should exceed the perceived financial, functional and sentimental value in old phones and the perception of effort. This requires the elimination of negative factors and enhanced benefits for both KPN and consumer in their cooperation. The insights enabled the generation of relevant elements in nature and a translation onto the case. Based on the insights the design goal is formulated: a satisfactory disposal phase that ensures an alternative and long-term payback method for both KPN and users, that enables the involvement of other users for the spread of circular behaviour. As a result, KPN Bewust is developed: a return system that promotes the spread of information and circular behaviour through its return service. In this system, returning an old phone and involving others, is the by-effect of purchasing the next contract with or without a phone with discounts, which reduces the perceived effort. Persuading friends and family to return their phones, is rewarded with mutual benefits. These generous offers will give KPN a competitive advantage compared to traditional take-back programs, with more longterm and satisfied clients in return. Through the KPN Bewust profile, an overview of the generated discounts, and contacts shows how the advantages of a returned phone can outweigh the advantages of keeping them. This experience will increase the likelihood of repetition and the spread of return behaviour.