Recent trends in large-scale computing demonstrate continuous growth in the need for raw processing performance. At the same time, the slowdown of vertical scaling pushes the industry towards more energy-efficient heterogeneous architectures. With the appearance of FPGAs in the cloud and data centers, a new architecture is offered for offloading processing tasks and to bundle custom processing hardware with the applications. However, with great adaptability comes the increased complexity of development. The adoption of custom accelerators has been bounded by their limited programming models and the long turnaround time of development.

In this thesis, we look at current trends in the digital hardware design and synthesis to evaluate them in a big data context and identify the bottlenecks that limit productivity in the development and integration of domain-specific accelerators.

Based on the findings, we propose a composition language for components that implement typed interfaces to streamline kernel development. The language allows developers to compose accelerators from individual processing units that implement custom dataflow interfaces in a productive way. The productivity boost and utility of the language were evaluated on a practical use-case, showing almost two orders of magnitude reduction in code size. The performance of the proposed approach was benchmarked on a Power9 system with OpenCAPI, where our proof-of-concept accelerator kernel was able to achieve 4.04GB/s throughput using only 3.75% of the available FPGA resources. The integration of the accelerator led to a 13x speedup compared to a CPU-based Apache Spark implementation of the same algorithm.