This thesis explores the application of topology optimization for large-scale glass structures in architecture, addressing the limitations of traditional casting methods and exploring the potential of 3D printed glass. Previous research emphasized the importance of manufacturing methods, but highlighted the lack of transparency in topology optimized cast glass. This study uses 3D printing to overcome these challenges, focusing on the unique properties and manufacturing techniques of 3D printed glass, including the limitations of its brittle nature and different tensile and compressive strengths. An extensive literature review provides a foundation for glass properties, manufacturing techniques and the principles of topology optimization. The research advances the use of SIMP methodology and adapts it to 3D printed glass constraints such as overhang, path continuity and nozzle size. Therefore, it incorporates an adapted layer-to-layer overhang filter and addresses the island eect and path control using advanced computing techniques. The implementation of these methodologies is described in detail, with specific adjustments to the overhang angles and connection strategies for island structures. Testing within a predefined design domain evaluates the limitations and capabilities of the proposed solutions, culminating in the selection and 3D printing of a feasible design. The results validate the approach and highlight the need for further research, especially regarding the anisotropy of glass layers. This research is concluded with a discussion of the broader academic implications and future research opportunities, supported by additional insights and findings presented in the appendix. This work demonstrates significant advances in structural glass architecture and paves the way for innovative applications of 3D printed glass.

Due to the NECP, many homes are in need of renovation. In 2016, the Netherlands had 799,956 apartments built between 1906 and 1965. A large part consists of porch houses. The houses are poorly insulated due to hasty and savings in construction. This research focuses on walk-up apartments built after the Second World War. The aim is to define how to improve the renovation process of walkable apartment buildings through a modular facade system generated using computational design. This is done by connecting new facade elements to the existing building as a second skin. While preserving the existing typology of the buildings and emphasizing the current rhythm and small ornaments of the portico houses. The script tries to implement different sizes, because then it would be useful to renovate several porch houses at the same time. This creates more variation within the different facades and makes the total renovation time shorter and more cost-efficient. The script could potentially display the total number and dimensions of the various new facade panels, which would speed up the fabrication and assembly process.