Lithium is a significant material of the energy transition, powering electric vehicles and grid storage, and surging demand is expanding extraction, yet lithium mining is energy intensive and can impose significant environmental burdens. This thesis evaluates whether on-site renewables plus battery energy storage systems (BESS) can provide reliable, cost-competitive, lower-carbon electricity for 39 lithium mines across 10 countries. I compare solar, wind, and hybrid systems paired with either about 3 hours (near autonomous) or about 12 hours (fully autonomous) of storage. The calculated levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) spans from USD 0.07 to 0.17 per kWh, consistently below diesel generation costs (0.24–0.38 $/kWh) and broadly competitive with grid tariffs (0.06–0.15 $/kWh) across the countries studied. Internal rates of return (IRR) range from −4 percent to +48 percent, and paybacks from 0.4 to 10 years under a 20-year baseline life. Life-cycle assessment indicates more than 90 percent CO₂ reductions versus diesel or carbon-intensive grids. A clear autonomy-versus-cost trade-off emerges: moving from about 98 percent renewable power supply with 3 hours of storage to 100 percent supply with 12 hours raises capital intensity, lifting LCOE and lowering IRR and net present value (NPV), while adding only modest extra emissions abatement. Technology choice is second order but directional: where wind resources are strong it tends to deliver the lowest LCOE and highest returns, while hybrids reduce resource mismatch risk and often beat baseline tariffs. Sensitivity and robustness tests show IRR and NPV are driven mainly by avoided-cost factors such as diesel and grid prices, and economics weaken at grid-supplied sites and in short-life mines of 10 to 5 years. Beyond economics, the study shows that all-renewable systems reduce emissions but shift the environmental burden onto land and raw materials. Photovoltaic (PV) systems occupy more land than wind, while longer storage multiplies demand for critical raw materials and adds pressure to their supply chains. Overall, renewable energy systems with BESS can decarbonize lithium extraction at competitive cost where resources and lifetimes are favourable and conventional energy is expensive, though they also introduce new land and material pressures that must be managed.