The vision of a global network that enables quantum communications between any point on Earth is known as the quantum internet. One crucial element of this network is the use of quantum repeater chains, which have the potential to overcome transmission losses and implement entanglement or quantum key distribution protocols over extended distances. There are various proposals for quantum repeaters, but they can generally be evaluated based on two main figures of merit: the average time for end-to-end entanglement delivery and the associated average fidelity. However, characterizing these quantities can be difficult due to factors such as feedback loops, decoherence, entanglement generation being a probabilistic process, and the potential failure of subprotocols. In this talk, I will discuss algorithmic and analytical methods for computing these quantities for relevant families of protocols.

Quantum communication enables the implementation of tasks that are unachievable with classical resources. However, losses on the communication channel preclude the direct long-distance transmission of quantum information in many relevant scenarios. In principle quantum repeaters allow one to overcome losses. However, realistic hardware parameters make long-distance quantum communication a challenge in practice. For instance, in many protocols an entangled pair is generated that needs to wait in quantum memory until the generation of an additional pair. During this waiting time the first pair decoheres, impacting the quality of the final entanglement produced. At the cost of a lower rate, this effect can be mitigated by imposing a cut-off condition. For instance, a maximum storage time for entanglement after which it is discarded. In this work, we optimize the cut-offs for quantum repeater chains. First, we develop an algorithm for computing the probability distribution of the waiting time and fidelity of entanglement produced by repeater chain protocols which include a cut-off. Then, we use the algorithm to optimize cut-offs in order to maximize secret-key rate between the end nodes of the repeater chain. We find that the use of the optimal cut-off extends the parameter regime for which secret key can be generated and moreover significantly increases the secret-key rate for a large range of parameters.