In this paper, the comparative study carried out for focused wave interaction with a moving cylinder in ISOPE-2020 is reported. The fixed cylinder cases are reported in the companion paper as Part A (Sriram, Agarwal, Yan et al., 2021). The paper discusses qualitative and quantitative comparison between four different numerical solvers that participated in this comparative study. This is a challenging problem, as the cylinder moves over 40 m and interacts with the focusing waves. The performance of various solvers is compared for two different moving cylinder speeds. Both weakly coupled models and full Navier–Stokes (NS) solvers with different strategies for modeling the cylinder motion were adopted by the participants. In particular, different methods available for numerically simulating the forward speed problem emerge from this paper. The qualitative comparison based on the wave probe and pressure probe time histories between laminar and turbulent solvers is presented. Furthermore, the quantitative error analysis for individual solvers shows deviations up to 30% for moving wave probes and 50% for pressure time history. The reliability of each method is discussed based on all the wave probe and pressure probe discrepancies against experiments. The deviations for higher speed shown by all solvers indicate that further improvements in the modeling capabilities are required.

This paper proposes a sub-step based iterative constitutive model for line interface elements used to analyse masonry structures loaded in-plane. Based on a total deformation theory, the model adopts characteristics of multi-surface plasticity, including a Coulomb friction failure surface for shear, with tension and compression cut-off and softening for all three domains. The model is driven by two damage parameters, one for compression and one that couples tension and shear. The sub-stepping technique is demonstrated to be numerically stable and is used as an alternative to the traditional return-mapping algorithms, which are prone to convergence issues and instability. The proposed model has been validated against experimental tests performed on masonry walls subjected to cyclic, in-plane loading. The numerical simulations adequately identify the failure mode, the hysteretic behaviour and the crack pattern. When toe crushing is governing, the results appear to be sensitive to the assumed masonry compressive strength. It is shown that calibration of the lumped compressive strength makes possible to fully describe the damage evolution in walls that exhibit a mix of flexural crack-crush failure and shear failure. Overall, the model is demonstrated to be an efficient and robust tool for analysing the cyclic, in-plane behaviour of masonry walls.