A new approach for the construction of implicit subgrid-scale models for large-eddy simulation based on adaptive local deconvolution is proposed. An approximation of the unfiltered solution is obtained from a quasi-linear combination of local interpolation polynomials. The physical flux function is modeled by a suitable numerical flux function. The effective subgrid-scale model can be determined by a modified-differential equation analysis. Discretization parameters which determine the behavior of the implicit model in regions of developed turbulence can be adjusted so that a given explicit subgrid-scale model is recovered to leading order in filter width. Alternatively, improved discretization parameters can be found directly by evolutionary optimization. Computational results for stochastically forced and decaying Burgers turbulence are provided. An assessment of the computational experiments shows that results for a given explicit subgrid-scale model can be matched by computations with an implicit representation. A considerable improvement can be achieved if instead of the parameters matching an explicit model discretization parameters determined by evolutionary optimization are used.@en