This integrative literature research analyses economic inequality using a system perspective. Topics related to the quantification, causes, and effects revolving around economic inequality are reviewed and presented in an overarching conceptual framework. The functioning of the conceptual framework is tested by performing an application on the Netherlands. Results show that economic inequality is a complex problem with multiple interconnecting parameters that cannot be solved with a single "silver bullet" policy. Economic inequality requires a systematic and integrative approach to enable a positive change. Also, the conceptual framework allowed to indicate numerous issues within the system of economic inequality occurring in the Netherlands that require our attention. Overall, this research offers a new perspective on the issue of economic inequality. The conceptual framework is the first in its kind and is able to inform and educate researchers, policymakers, and others about the system of economic inequality in a manner that has never been done before.