Pushed by technology and international regulations the world of identities is rapidly changing. Among others, the Dutch government is obliged to keep up. In line with these developments, a special facility for execution of identification processes for crime and migration purposes was nationally commissioned in 2015, called the ‘’Basisvoorziening Identiteitsvaststelling’’. Among others, this facility is used by the Dutch National Police to execute identification processes on migrants, aliens, suspects, convicts and witnesses. Throughout the years the appliance has become out-dated. Expensive defects and poor user experiences have caused the Police to initiate the development of a new design. Research unveiled that the Police is placed in a difficult position by relying highly on a product which functionality depends on numerous (uncontrollable) factors. The envisioned product requires be more flexible and future proof. Additionally, it was concluded that standardisation of a new enrolment facility for all identity related governmental agencies is feasible and desired. The Police was focused to design for: they set the highest requirements and have the most difficult users. Technology research provided that future identification will involve more biometric technologies and that a stationary enrolment facility will remain necessary for the coming decade. Using the Vision in Product Design method the current product and context were evaluated. A new user interaction journey was developed to provide a foundation for future development. The participant and the product were envisioned to become more involved in the process. It was chosen to create an unjudged experience for the participant. For the operator, the feeling of police workmanship should be emphasised. This led to the design goal: “Design the next identity enrolment facility for the Dutch National Police”. In order to improve the current situation, the following goals are formulated: Improving the user interaction; Inducing flexibility by: reducing dependency; implementing futureproofing; enabling versatile employability; anticipating identity technology. This initiated the ideation process. Through iterative prototyping, sketching and brainstorming a concept was designed. Eventually, an argumentation is provided on how the Main Appliance for Identification (‘MAID’) meets the design goals. Eventually, recommendations and unused ideas are provided for the client for future development.

This report presents the design process and the design proposal of a non-stigmatising stabilised bicycle designed for the bicycle company Beixo. With the trendy three wheel cargobike that has been designed for the problem of stability and stigma, insecure cyclists, including elderly, can cycle with confidence and stay mobile and independent. A literature study and user research using contextmapping methods were conducted to identify and understand the problem that this thesis deals with. Age-related disabilities, such as reduced balance and strength, can cause elderly people to fall with their bicycle. A fall often leads to injuries and fear of falling again. This feeling of insecurity causes many elderly to stop cycling, giving up an important part of their mobility. Assistive devices that help elderly to stay mobile, like tricycles, already exist, but these aids are perceived as stigmatising and are not easily accepted by users. Stigma is a negative judgmental reaction from bystanders to a person or person using a product caused by the visible characteristics of the person or product that are perceived as socially undesirable. This master thesis deals with the question if a bike can be designed such that it provides stability without being stigmatising. Existing research was used to find design strategies to deal with the problem of stability and stigma. The chosen design strategy included disguising the stabilizing function of the third wheel, adding additional benefits, making the design age independent and creating an association with an accepted product category. The design process consisted of design and research activities. The chosen design direction ‘cargo tricycle’ which has the potential to solve the problem of stability and of stigma was developed further into a concept and later the design proposal. The proposed design provides a solution to the problem of stability and stigma by creating a reference to cargo bikes. The bike has two front wheels in between which the cargo container is located. The bamboo container is compact and allows for easy loading of small cargo, for example groceries. The designed steering system steers the wheels around the container, allowing for light steering. The frame has a low entry and large adjustability to allow for an ergonomic cycling position for all users. The integrated shaft drive motor provides pedaling support, making cycling effortless. Its function and appearance could make this compact cargo bike suitable for many more target groups than elderly insecure cyclists, for example people who have never learned to cycle, ALS patients, people with reduced balance due to hearing impairment, people who wish to transport small loads, etc. To validate the design, a ‘looks-like-real’ working prototype was created. This prototype was showcased at the Embassy of Health during the Dutch Design Week 2018 where it received positive attention from visitors. The stability of the bike was tested by using it in everyday cycling situations in bicycle infrastructure. The subjective stability and stigma was tested with potential users, by letting them test ride the bike and asking about their experience. The design provides stability when cycling a straight path, but stability in turns can be improved. Potential users feel instable when taking turns and need to get used to the feeling of cycling on this bike. The bike is a tricycle and will never give the user the same cycling feeling as a bicycle. With a tricycle there is a trade-off between stability and a bike-like feeling. The opinion about stigma of the design differs between people. The reactions of the visitors of the Dutch Design Week were positive and indicated that avoiding stigma has been succeeded. However, not all the participants in the user evaluation agreed on this. Which product category the user compares the bike with when evaluating stigma is thought to influence the opinion about stigma and needs to be considered for the positioning of the product.

Digitization, the word itself sounds almost vulgar in this day and age. It is impossible to imagine our daily life without the digital tools we use. We work in the cloud, communicate on-line, stream our media and even find our life partner on an app. Contemporary artists were among the first to embrace digital innovation as a tool to enhance their work. Yet contemporary art museums appear to need more convincing. Many fear the devaluation of the physical experience of art by investing in the digital. The Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal (MAC) had recently been extending their efforts in digital content. This project comes at a point where the MAC is looking at the future of digital content in the museum. In order to get new vision on this matter the designer was immersed in the museum for a period of 8 months. The approach to get to a new sustainable digital strategy was based in collaboration and creative discussion. One of the common pitfalls in digital innovation is the influence of the traditional institutional structure on the final product. At the MAC,the devision in departments shines through in the digital initiatives. In order to move forward in digital content it is important to create the right environment to innovate. In this environment the values of design thinking should be implemented. Well executed digital innovation in a museum has the potential to play a role in the larger scope. The challenge lays in utilizing digital tools to approach upcoming challenges in the museums path. This opposes a grant based approach to digital projects. In the case of the MAC there is a large scale remodeling (transformation) coming up. The second half of this report includes a concept design that arms the MAC in this time of change. This concept uses the digital content that was created by the MAC in the past years and places it on a new stage. Combining digital content in a physical platform will increase the reach focusing on the upcoming period of transformation. The new content system re-imagines the way we interact with digital museum content and makes creating links that increase the value of the information easy and logical. The project introduces solutions for the MAC specifically as well as establishing an approach that has the potential to innovate digital content in the contemporary art world as a whole.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical diagnostic imaging technology characterized by its high cost and infrastructure demands. This makes it unsuitable for implementation in low- and medium-income countries. Its costs are directly related to the strength of the system’s magnetic field. Therefore, an MRI scanning technology dedicated for use in low- and medium-income countries has been developed by Delft University of Technology and Leiden University Medical Center that makes use of a low magnetic field. This low-field technology, that requires a smaller size magnet and yields lower resolution images, is already capable of diagnosing infant hydrocephalus, a frequently occurring condition in sub-Saharan Africa. For a successful implementation, it is crucial that this technology is integrated in an MRI system that adequately addresses challenges within the context of sub-Saharan Africa and is equipped with all necessary functionality to diagnose infants with hydrocephalus. From observations and interviews in the healthcare environment of Uganda, it was found that – in addition to high cost – poor infrastructure and challenges that occur during imaging procedures limit the implementation- and use-potential of current MRI systems and thus can affect the implementation of this new system. Poor pathways and unavailability of forklifts or cranes often cause breakage during installation and transport. Moreover, lack of space in hospitals hinders implementation of large systems that require dedicated, shielded rooms. During imaging, movement of the (infant) patient may affect the image, and often mothers are kept in the imaging room with the patient to calm her. Other challenges for the operation of these systems in this context include heat, humidity, dust, power outages and the presence of pests. A concept of a complete MRI system that integrates the developed technology and addresses these challenges is designed. This MRI system enables an ergonomic and safe operation, facilitates safe and comfortable insertion and removal of the patient from the machine, and allows mothers and operators to remain close and in visual contact with the patient. The entire concept takes up no more than 3 m2, can be installed in any room with a power socket and features a plug and play installation. It can be carried over rough pathways without the need for a forklift or crane. Furthermore, the concept features a bed with sliding mechanism that optimizes the space inside the system, allowing hydrocephalus patients with significant expansion of the head to be imaged. With this concept, the first steps are taken towards implementation of the technology in hospitals in low- and medium-income countries. Through further development and testing in close collaboration with stakeholders, the concept can be optimized to enable diagnosis and treatment of infants with hydrocephalus and eventually many others, and hereby contribute to increasing the (e)quality of healthcare around the world.

With 2,975 safety violations in the US alone, the lockout safety routine, one of the most important safety methods in the industry, remains unsafe. This is caused by the limited adherence of companies employees to the preset protocols. Heavy industries primarily focus on the efficiency of their processes and recognise the rising potential of smart product solutions to serve their key safety as efficiency interests. This project aims to meet the demands of the industry by the design a smart lockout use case that enhances the lockout process in terms of safety and efficiency, and that can be adopted by the heavy industry. For the company of TWTG this thesis researches the potential of this product and establishes a digital lockout use case and smart concept design to evaluate the value delivered to the industry. Through an empirical research study knowledge is gathered on the unknown user behaviour in the lockout process and corresponding lockout materials handlings and methods. This qualitative research study uses protocols reviews, user observations and field studies to provide real-life insight on the manifestation of behavioural routines for a leading industry. Consequently, expertise on lockout routines and smart product innovations in the industry is gathered through consultations with ten industry experts to gather verifiable evidence on unsafety and the potential of smart product solutions in the lockout process. This research concludes safety in the lockout process is highly dependent on the correct interpretations of the user. A false perception of safety is easily established when activities are not correctly executed. Positively, smart product solutions provide severe potential for the industry to support correct behaviour of operators and identify the life-threatening violations of the lockout procedure. Moreover, interviews with managing and external stakeholders from the industry state a marginal impact on existing industry materials and lockout routines are demanded in order to introduce smart product solutions successfully. Through a variety of use case evaluations with both managers and operators related to the lockout process, the desired level of disruption to these materials and routines is evaluated for the industry of Royal Vopak. From these insights, a smart lockout use case is established for a sizeable market. The selected smart lockout routine provides pro-active feedback on operators activities and real-time validation of a safe work environment. The ease of implementation is supported by the investigation of compatible solutions with existing materials, low battery power solutions, the LoRa network and wireless communication technologies, allowing to meet the identified context requirements and deliver a feasible product solution. An appearance model of the smart lockout product is developed to allow the industry to emphasise with the developed concept. The safety and efficiency value of the smart lockout use case is revealed through an objective evaluation with eight respondents representing the majority of directly related employees to the lockout process from three industry locations. Consequently, consultations with the deployment and innovation leaders from the industry advocate the establishment of the smart lockout routine. With this study, the company of TWTG desires to deliver a unique safety product for the global market.

Base on the preliminary research results, the design goal of this project is defined: Providing departing, arriving and transferring travellers a seamless experience, which makes them feel confident and relaxed during the whole process of their journey in Schiphol, including wayfinding, searching information, learning of the Dutch transport system, check-in and even passing border control, Etc. This can be achieved by facilitating the Schiphol information providing and wayfinding to help travellers understand the Schiphol service, wayfinding and transportation system and meet all their varying needs. The emphasis of this project is not to improve the Schiphol's service system or add new service in Schiphol, but to help travellers understand and utilize Schiphol's current service system by building a new efficient app information architecture and AR navigation system. This project explores which information structure is more suitable for Schiphol (Public transport system). Through continuous testing and iteration, the information architecture of the new Schiphol app is confirmed, which would combine with the liner pattern and Hub and spoke information structure to build the underlying information architecture of the app. Choosing the Hub and spoke as the primary parent pattern and applying liner pattern for subsections. In the user testing phase, it was discovered that functionality, ease of learning, and fun are all essential factors that affect user performance with the new Schiphol app. The focus of the second iteration is to ensure that users can understand and use the app. Make the layout of each interface and visual elements of the app more familiar to all users. The third iteration mainly focuses on the ease of use and fun of the new app. More attractive visual elements and dynamic effects are added to enhance the app's interest. After three rounds of testing, the new Schiphol app can meet the needs of all participants and combines functionality and fun. Overall, the new app can help travellers quickly obtain the information they need and learn about Schiphol (Schiphol wayfinding system, Schiphol service system, Dutch public transportation system). At present, only about one per cent of passengers will download the Schiphol app in advance, so how to help them realize this app and download it is still an issue that Schiphol needs to consider in the future.

Nacra is a catamaran builder focused on racing catamarans. Nacra wants to broader its target market. The design goal is to develop a solution that makes Nacra’s recreational catamarans accessible but look and feel high-performance. The project results in a more accessible catamaran for novice sailors and sailors without prior experience on a catamaran without tampering with the boat’s performance.

The company Vibers makes bioplastic from elephant grass, which has a positive effect on the environment. The crop grows perfectly on the Dutch soils, so the material is locally attuned. There are low fertilizer and pesticide requirements, which makes the crop relatively environmentally friendly (Lewandowski, Clifton-Brown, Scurlock & Huisman, 2000). The elephant grass has a high absorption of CO2. This material sounds promising, and therefore, research is done on the unique qualities of this material: what fitting application areas of the material are, and what questions arise when designing with this material. The project definition is as follows: exploring the possibilities of designing with elephant grass based bioplastic. During the first phase of this research the unique qualities of this bioplastic are explored and they are connected to application areas that fit the material. While doing this analysis, a method is designed that can be used for exploring the unique qualities of a new material. The Vibers bioplastic has the unique quality that it is bio-based and biodegradable, and due to its look and feel, users link it directly to a sustainable material. The elephant grass fibres have captured a large amount of CO2 from the air. Also they add stiffness to the material. With this unique quality, a structured way of opportunity finding is used in order to identify the right fit for the material.In the second phase of the report the method ‘research through design’ is used to explore the material further while designing two concepts of a veranda bench. The veranda bench is chosen to continue the project with since the unique qualities of the material add value to the product. Also this application has multiple conflicting requirements, which can lead to interesting design questions. The goal of this exploration is not to design the best veranda bench, but to get to know the material better, and to set up design guidelines for designing with Vibers bioplastic. During the design process several design questions arose that needed to be answered in order to design with this material. Answering those questions gave insights in the strength, production, UV resistance and end-of-life scenarios of the material. In the conclusion of this research, the findings are converted to design guidelines and recommendations. The design guidelines are meant to help designers that want to use this material. They explain the following: (1) The material should add value to the product. (2) The material has environmental benefits. (3) The material has a sustainable look and feel that should be used. (4) How production depends on the desired end-of-life scenario of the product. (5) What plastic the material is comparable to. (6) What the end-of-life possibilities are with this material. (7) That the material does not change colour in UV exposure. (8) How different percentages of elephant grass can change the material. (9) That the material is fit for durable and timeless design. (10) That the material is fit for modular design.The recommendations are meant to help Vibers develop their material. Firstly, a method is explained that they can use for exploring new materials. Secondly, a recommendation is given on what application areas are fit for their material. Thirdly, a to-do list is made, which explains what questions have not been answered in this thesis and thus need follow-up research. Lastly, the writer gives advice on how transparency is key to a more sustainable world.

Plastics that originate from renewable sources, such as potatoes or fungi, are called biobased plastics. Because of their origin, biobased plastics pose as sustainable alternative to traditional plastics, which are made from oil, a fossil substance. CoffeeBased is a small company that manufactures biobased plastic products, using their own developed materials (CB materials). To make these even more sustainable, CoffeeBased adds coffee waste as filler material to the biobased plastics. This reduces waste accumulation while generating a unique material. The coffee waste, called spent coffee grounds (SCG), adds attractive properties to the CB material. This includes a distinct coffee scent, and in combination with colorants, a coffee-like color is achieved. These unique properties suit the ambience of coffee product environments, like corporate coffee corners. CoffeeBased currently implements their CB material in (products such as) coffee machine fronts, coffee cups and coffee stations. The panels applied in the coffee stations are the most relevant to this thesis. The panel consists of a coating, adhesive, and a core that is laminated with CB material, referred to as CB laminate (EMPA, 2019). Unfortunately, the CB laminate does not function properly in the desired user context, as it discolors and distorts. To prevent this impact from reducing its aesthetic appeal, optimization is required. Next to that, the sustainable character of the panel in its entirety is questionable, as the other components have not been analyzed on this characteristic. Therefore, the first design challenge is to find an integral solution to improve both the context resistance as the sustainable value. The second challenge is to design a condiment organizer, which could form the perfect occasion to test the proposed optimized panel. The function of the condiment organizer is to display and organize additives used in coffee machine beverages, called condiments. Next to the implementation of the panel, the design has to incorporate a form language that corresponds with other CoffeeBased products. Based on the desires of the end user, limits of the manufacturing facilities and the resources available to CoffeeBased, requirements were set. The sustainability requirements are set on incorporating more waste and more biobased materials whilst ensuring the emittance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remains low. Keeping these requirements in mind, alternatives to the current components of the panel were looked for in market research. The theoretical best components were chosen and (physically) tested, which were CB2 as laminate material, Resysta NoWood by FiberPlast as core, BioImpact by Canect as adhesive and the clear lacquer by BioPin as coating. Four panel concepts are compared, each with different advantages. Increase in waste content is considered the most important optimization, as it suits the uniqueness of the CoffeeBased material. Therefore, the best suitable panel concept is the one composed of an EcoBoard core, CB1 laminate, BioImpact adhesive and BioPin lacquer. The optimized panel provides an increased sustainable value by a higher waste content of 83% and a biobased content increase of 12%, this while providing a potential VOC emittance reduction of 1%. Also, the concept entails edge band development, aiming to increase its aesthetic appeal and user context resistance. To tackle the second challenge, design ideas were generated based on the insights gained from brainstorm sessions. The four most promising ideas were presented to CoffeeBased, whose favorite was selected for further conceptualization. The final condiment organizer consists of a pre-assembled back frame, available with three, five or seven compartments. Condiment specific fronts can be selected by the user, based on their preference. Unfortunately, the necessary manufacturing method prevents the implementation of the optimized panel, thus a no-added formaldehyde plywood core is incorporated. Luckily, the aesthetic appearance does fit into the product portfolio of CoffeeBased, with its contour and surface engravements. Therefore, this thesis project does not only provide CoffeeBased with valuable sustainable panel solutions, but also a new product design for their product portfolio.

Visitors who return from a festival experience an empty feeling combined with fatigue. In this thesis, this experience is called the void. An established psychological phenomenon called the Peak-End rule describes how events are judged by both their peaks, be they positive or negative, and their ends. The end of festivals is now often perceived by visitors as "necessary evil". It is assumed that the end and its experience are part of the festival and last from the moment of leaving the terrain up to three days after. Therefore, the judgement of the festival depends on this experience. MOJO Concerts has not designed anything for this period of time, while the number of competing festival organisers is rising, which makes delivering a better festival experience even more important. To improve this end-of-festival experience, a product was designed to 'embrace' the visitor. Embracement is an experience that solves the void. A greater amount of embracement results in a better experience. In this thesis the product uses the auditory sense to embrace the visitor. A binaural, head-shaped microphone is designed that will record the sound of the festival, and record the visitors' reactions to the request to say something nice. After the festival, the records are collected by the organiser and distributed to the visitors over a popular music streaming medium. The head-shaped microphone was shaped as such for a more binaural experience. A more binaural experience will result in a more embracing experience. The face that was put on the head was chosen from sixteen faces in a test (n=32). During this test, participants were also asked to describe what they would say to see how the question should be changed for better results. Indicative tests on the reaction to the head and its recordings were performed. The head was tested in front of Amsterdam central station. The installation consisted of the head, a steel structure with padding and clothing, and a sign asking passengers to say something nice. The test was filmed from ten meters away to avoid interference with the passengers. During this 53 minute test, 39 reactions were recorded. This is a lower number of reaction than expected from a festival, because then it is common to step out of one's comfort-zone. It is assumed that this amount of reactions is an indicator for a positive result. The record was edited to cross-fade from reaction to reaction. This sound was tested (n=85, v=45 + m=40) and on average valued a 3.0 (1 to 5 Likert scale, v=3.1, m=3.0). This assessment is expected to be higher when the record is from a festival and the listener is just back from that festival. Proposals for further research and how to asses the value of a test at a festival are added. The installation is expanded to a gathering spot in which the head is positioned in the midst of the visitors to further improve the embrasiveness of the binaural records.

This report showcases the development of a product to aid the venipuncture procedure. Venipuncture is a procedure where intravenous access is obtained for several purposes. Finding a location and vein to insert the needle is the most important step of this procedure. Nearly 90% of hospitalised patients have to undergo the procedure. Despite venipuncture being the most performed procedure at hospitals, almost 50% of all cases fail at the first needle insertion attempt with adults and more than 60% with children. This failure leads to several complications such as bacterial infection, extravasation or phlebitis. The product must be able to be used for all skin types and all healthcare contexts. For this, multiple end-users and use cases are within the scope of the project. To cover all use cases, a minimal viable product is developed. This is a product which has all minimal functionalities to make the product viable. The minimal viable product can be altered with minimal adjustments to make it fit to a specific context. To increase first-attempt success rate, the Veindicator is developed. This product will have minimal viable functionalities to aid the venipuncture procedure. The Veindicator is a device which uses Near Infrared spectroscopy to visualise veins. Near infrared spectroscopy analyses the transmission and absorption of photons within the near infrared spectrum. Veins contain deoxygenated hemoglobin which, when exposed to near infrared radiation, almost completely absorb this radiation. By utilising the absorption characteristics of deoxyhemoglobin, veins can be distinguished from surrounding tissue. To further enhance the contrast of the vein pattern and the surrounding tissue, the exposure of NIR is increased. Looking at the optical absorption window, a light source is used with a wavelength between 700 - 900 nanometer within the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, the deviation between the attenuation coefficients of deoxyhemoglobin and human tissue are the highest. The image of the enhanced veins is captured and contrast is further increased by the use of digital image processing algorithms. Finally, the enhanced vein pattern is extracted from the image and via a projector, displayed back onto the skin. The projection increases the visibility of the veins and therefore aids the venipuncture procedure.