Modern geographic information systems (GIS) and planning support systems (PSS) incorporate numerous pedestrian accessibility and walkability indicators. However, these tools often prioritize spatial metrics over perceptual factors and overlook population-specific differences. This creates a gap between measurable indicators and those valued by planning practitioners. Through co-design workshops, Q methodology, and factor analysis, we identify key factors influencing pedestrian accessibility for diverse populations and highlight areas of alignment and mismatch with existing GIS/PSS indicators.

Proximity-oriented planning aims to promote active transportation and reduce car dependence by ensuring essential services are within a short walking or cycling distance. While often seen as promoting social interactions, models like the “15-minute city” risk reinforcing spatial segregation by limiting interactions among diverse demographic groups. Addressing the lack of tools to analyze these effects, CTwalk is a data-driven software tool that maps the encounter potential of urban destinations across population groups within 5- and 15-minute walks. The tool identifies access inequities and evaluates how different destinations are mutually accessible to diverse populations.