Digital fabrication with cementitious materials is a rapidly growing field of research in which the evolution of strength during the various processes, such as 3D printing, is the key controlling parameter. The strength evolves over multiple orders of magnitude during the process, and thus, it is essential to properly characterize the strength evolution in order to guarantee process success. This chapter summarizes the state of the art in these characterization methods for digital fabrication with fresh cementitious materials, reviewing well-known and more recently developed methods.@en

The need for methods for forming concrete has existed for as long as concrete has been used in constructing the built environment. Creating flat, rectilinear formers have traditionally been the cost and time efficient default for the majority of applications. The desire for greater design freedom and the drive to automate construction manufacturing is providing a platform for the continued development of a family of processes called Digital Fabrication with Concrete (DFC) technologies. DFC technologies are many and varied. Much of the material science theory is common, but the process steps vary significantly between methods, creating challenges as we look towards performance comparison and standardisation. Presented here is a framework to help identify and describe process differences and a showcase of DFC application case studies that explain the processes behind a sub-set of the technologies available.@en