Background Head-mounted augmented reality (AR) can be beneficial in orthopedic trauma surgery by projecting 3-dimensional (3D) holograms of preoperative imaging data, drilling or cutting planes, and osteosynthesis material, directly onto the surgeon’s field of view (FOV). For successful implementation of head-mounted AR in orthopedic trauma surgery, the surgeon’s experience is of utmost importance. This prospective clinical study aimed to evaluate the surgeon’s experience with head-mounted AR in orthopedic trauma surgery. Methods The Microsoft HoloLens 2 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) was used to project patient-specific 3D models of the patient’s fracture site as 3D holograms in the surgeon’s FOV during surgery of intra-articular fractures. The surgeon’s experience was recorded using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, Borg CR10 Scale, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index, System Usability Scale, and a custom-made questionnaire. Results A total of 14 ORIF surgeries were performed while using a head-mounted AR device. Overall, surgeons were satisfied with AR HMDs (67.9 ± 22.3 (mean ± SD)) and wanted to use it again (70.0 ± 22.54 (mean ± SD)). Good results were reported regarding the usability of the AR HMD (65.7 ± 16.6 (mean ± SD)) and the interaction with 3D holograms 72.1 ± 15.8 (mean ± SD). However, the mental demand, size, and weight of the AR HMD were rated less favorable. Conclusion The surgeon’s experience with the intraoperative use of head-mounted AR in orthopedic trauma surgery is sufficient and head-mounted AR has great future potential in orthopedic trauma surgery. Future research has to focus on an ergonomic design of surgical AR HMDs, technological developments, a simple and fluent workflow, and proving clinical value of head-mounted AR.