The ongoing global push towards energy transformation and decarbonisation underscores the urgent need for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in the maritime sector, which accounts for a significant portion of global trade and emissions. This study focuses on inland waterway transportation (IWT) as a key area for implementing zero-emission solutions, especially through the use of battery swapping technology. Given the average age and expected lifespan of vessels in the IWT sector, the need for immediate action is critical to make significant strides towards climate neutrality by 2050. This research delves into the complexities of multi-objective optimisation, balancing investment costs with operational efficiencies. It provides an in-depth sensitivity analysis of the impact of battery capacity, battery costs, the availability of docking station spots, and loading state of vessels on the overall system configuration.

The study emphasises the importance of carefully attributing and balancing weights to each objective to optimise network design and total costs. Moreover, the findings support the continued development of higher battery capacities and strategic resource allocation to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of IWT. The significance of this research lies in its potential to inform the deployment of renewable energy-powered, zero-carbon ships, contributing to global efforts to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable development in the maritime sector. Moreover, the insights gained in this thesis inform recommendations, aimed at guiding future research.