The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) was investigated using a catalyst with a core@shell structure or a physical mixture comprised of MgO and SiC or Fe3O4, which was thermally activated via two different heating methods, namely, conventional resistive heating and microwave heating. The use of microwave radiation together with the catalyst structure was essential to achieve high reaction efficiency. The C2 selectivity and yield were correlated with the presence of temperature gradients in the catalytic bed under microwave radiation. These thermal gradients and their distribution were experimentally evaluated using operando thermal visualization. Hotspots and thermal gradients were beneficial to achieve a higher CH4 conversion; however, it was found that a uniform reactor temperature was crucial to attain a high C2 yield in OCM and the core@shell structure is beneficial. The hypothesis that an enhanced OCM performance can be achieved by keeping the catalyst material hot and the gas cold, using microwave to prevent uncontrolled gas-phase reactions was supported by a kinetic study and experimentally demonstrated.@en