The aim of this introductory paper is provide the background to the Fifth International Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport, which was held in Leeds, UK, in May 1997 and was attended by around 120 delegates from 20 countries. This is done by reviewing past conferences in the series and summarizing the structure of the Leeds conference and the key emerging themes. Further details are given by the five workshop reports that accompany this introduction.@en