HC
H.Y. Chen
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Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is a potential limitation to user comfort in gaming or training systems under an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment, yet objective indicators of individual susceptibility remain insufficiently established. The Postural Instability Theory proposes that a higher motion sickness (MS) incidence will occur when an individual is unable to maintain postural stability before an MS-inducing exposure. Postural instability has been associated with MS, predominantly focusing on whole-body postural responses under standing conditions, but responses under seated conditions and the role of individual head–neck control characteristics remain unclear. In addition, the individual MS severity was barely associated with postural instability during an MS-inducing exposure.
This study investigated whether pre- and in-exposure postural sway and head–trunk stabilization characteristics are associated with VIMS severity during VR exposure. Twenty-five participants completed standing and seated head-sway measurements under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, followed by a head–trunk stabilization test with yaw perturbation on a rotational seat and two VIMS-inducing VR exposures. VIMS severity was continuously recorded using the Misery Scale (MISC), supplemented by Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) scores, while vection incidence was continuously reported during exposure. Head motion was characterized using time- and frequency-domain features, and head–trunk stabilization was quantified using frequency-dependent gain, phase, and coherence measures.
Pre-exposure head sway showed stronger associations with VIMS-related outcomes than head motion measured during exposure. In particular, the difference between eyes-open and eyes-closed sway in the seated condition (sit, EO-EC) exhibited the strongest overall associations, with the peak medial–lateral angular velocity showing a significant negative correlation with SSQ-nausea subscores in one of the VR exposures after correction for multiple comparisons (ρ=-0.721, pbonf=0.01, mbonf=288). Furthermore, the median sway frequencies calculated under the same condition (sit, EO-EC) were found to be highly positively correlated with all SSQ sub- and total scores (Nausea: ρ=0.605; Oculomotor: ρ=0.531; Disorientation: ρ=0.628; Total Score: ρ=0.626). These findings support the relevance of postural control mechanisms to individual MS severity proposed by the Postural Instability Theory in a seated VIMS context. They extend previous work by demonstrating that pre-exposure seated sway, rather than only exposure-induced postural motion, may contain information about individual VIMS susceptibility.
Selected stabilization features in the head–trunk stabilization test showed associations with inverse end time, but no consistent relationships with MISC or vection incidence were observed. Overall, the findings indicate that pre-exposure seated head sway, particularly its visual dependency, may serve as a useful objective marker of individual VIMS susceptibility, while task-dependent head–neck dynamics should be considered when interpreting cervical motion responses in immersive VR environments. ...
This study investigated whether pre- and in-exposure postural sway and head–trunk stabilization characteristics are associated with VIMS severity during VR exposure. Twenty-five participants completed standing and seated head-sway measurements under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, followed by a head–trunk stabilization test with yaw perturbation on a rotational seat and two VIMS-inducing VR exposures. VIMS severity was continuously recorded using the Misery Scale (MISC), supplemented by Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) scores, while vection incidence was continuously reported during exposure. Head motion was characterized using time- and frequency-domain features, and head–trunk stabilization was quantified using frequency-dependent gain, phase, and coherence measures.
Pre-exposure head sway showed stronger associations with VIMS-related outcomes than head motion measured during exposure. In particular, the difference between eyes-open and eyes-closed sway in the seated condition (sit, EO-EC) exhibited the strongest overall associations, with the peak medial–lateral angular velocity showing a significant negative correlation with SSQ-nausea subscores in one of the VR exposures after correction for multiple comparisons (ρ=-0.721, pbonf=0.01, mbonf=288). Furthermore, the median sway frequencies calculated under the same condition (sit, EO-EC) were found to be highly positively correlated with all SSQ sub- and total scores (Nausea: ρ=0.605; Oculomotor: ρ=0.531; Disorientation: ρ=0.628; Total Score: ρ=0.626). These findings support the relevance of postural control mechanisms to individual MS severity proposed by the Postural Instability Theory in a seated VIMS context. They extend previous work by demonstrating that pre-exposure seated sway, rather than only exposure-induced postural motion, may contain information about individual VIMS susceptibility.
Selected stabilization features in the head–trunk stabilization test showed associations with inverse end time, but no consistent relationships with MISC or vection incidence were observed. Overall, the findings indicate that pre-exposure seated head sway, particularly its visual dependency, may serve as a useful objective marker of individual VIMS susceptibility, while task-dependent head–neck dynamics should be considered when interpreting cervical motion responses in immersive VR environments. ...
Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is a potential limitation to user comfort in gaming or training systems under an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment, yet objective indicators of individual susceptibility remain insufficiently established. The Postural Instability Theory proposes that a higher motion sickness (MS) incidence will occur when an individual is unable to maintain postural stability before an MS-inducing exposure. Postural instability has been associated with MS, predominantly focusing on whole-body postural responses under standing conditions, but responses under seated conditions and the role of individual head–neck control characteristics remain unclear. In addition, the individual MS severity was barely associated with postural instability during an MS-inducing exposure.
This study investigated whether pre- and in-exposure postural sway and head–trunk stabilization characteristics are associated with VIMS severity during VR exposure. Twenty-five participants completed standing and seated head-sway measurements under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, followed by a head–trunk stabilization test with yaw perturbation on a rotational seat and two VIMS-inducing VR exposures. VIMS severity was continuously recorded using the Misery Scale (MISC), supplemented by Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) scores, while vection incidence was continuously reported during exposure. Head motion was characterized using time- and frequency-domain features, and head–trunk stabilization was quantified using frequency-dependent gain, phase, and coherence measures.
Pre-exposure head sway showed stronger associations with VIMS-related outcomes than head motion measured during exposure. In particular, the difference between eyes-open and eyes-closed sway in the seated condition (sit, EO-EC) exhibited the strongest overall associations, with the peak medial–lateral angular velocity showing a significant negative correlation with SSQ-nausea subscores in one of the VR exposures after correction for multiple comparisons (ρ=-0.721, pbonf=0.01, mbonf=288). Furthermore, the median sway frequencies calculated under the same condition (sit, EO-EC) were found to be highly positively correlated with all SSQ sub- and total scores (Nausea: ρ=0.605; Oculomotor: ρ=0.531; Disorientation: ρ=0.628; Total Score: ρ=0.626). These findings support the relevance of postural control mechanisms to individual MS severity proposed by the Postural Instability Theory in a seated VIMS context. They extend previous work by demonstrating that pre-exposure seated sway, rather than only exposure-induced postural motion, may contain information about individual VIMS susceptibility.
Selected stabilization features in the head–trunk stabilization test showed associations with inverse end time, but no consistent relationships with MISC or vection incidence were observed. Overall, the findings indicate that pre-exposure seated head sway, particularly its visual dependency, may serve as a useful objective marker of individual VIMS susceptibility, while task-dependent head–neck dynamics should be considered when interpreting cervical motion responses in immersive VR environments.
This study investigated whether pre- and in-exposure postural sway and head–trunk stabilization characteristics are associated with VIMS severity during VR exposure. Twenty-five participants completed standing and seated head-sway measurements under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, followed by a head–trunk stabilization test with yaw perturbation on a rotational seat and two VIMS-inducing VR exposures. VIMS severity was continuously recorded using the Misery Scale (MISC), supplemented by Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) scores, while vection incidence was continuously reported during exposure. Head motion was characterized using time- and frequency-domain features, and head–trunk stabilization was quantified using frequency-dependent gain, phase, and coherence measures.
Pre-exposure head sway showed stronger associations with VIMS-related outcomes than head motion measured during exposure. In particular, the difference between eyes-open and eyes-closed sway in the seated condition (sit, EO-EC) exhibited the strongest overall associations, with the peak medial–lateral angular velocity showing a significant negative correlation with SSQ-nausea subscores in one of the VR exposures after correction for multiple comparisons (ρ=-0.721, pbonf=0.01, mbonf=288). Furthermore, the median sway frequencies calculated under the same condition (sit, EO-EC) were found to be highly positively correlated with all SSQ sub- and total scores (Nausea: ρ=0.605; Oculomotor: ρ=0.531; Disorientation: ρ=0.628; Total Score: ρ=0.626). These findings support the relevance of postural control mechanisms to individual MS severity proposed by the Postural Instability Theory in a seated VIMS context. They extend previous work by demonstrating that pre-exposure seated sway, rather than only exposure-induced postural motion, may contain information about individual VIMS susceptibility.
Selected stabilization features in the head–trunk stabilization test showed associations with inverse end time, but no consistent relationships with MISC or vection incidence were observed. Overall, the findings indicate that pre-exposure seated head sway, particularly its visual dependency, may serve as a useful objective marker of individual VIMS susceptibility, while task-dependent head–neck dynamics should be considered when interpreting cervical motion responses in immersive VR environments.