Silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanostructures were synthesized by femtosecond laser ablation (800 nm, 1 kHz) and incorporated into a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/collagen blend via electrospinning to obtain functional nanofibrous membranes. The study comprised three stages: nanoparticle synthesis, nanofiber fabrication and characterization, and evaluation of photocatalytic performance. UV–Vis spectroscopy of TiO₂@Ag nanoparticles showed a gradual decrease in absorbance from the ultraviolet to infrared region and an estimated band gap of ∼2.5 eV. FTIR analysis (500–3000 cm−1) confirmed successful incorporation of TiO₂@Ag into the PAN/collagen matrix, while SEM revealed uniform nanofibers with an average diameter of ∼100 nm. Photocatalytic activity was assessed by the degradation of methylene blue under light irradiation. The PAN/collagen/TiO₂/Ag nanofibers exhibited markedly improved photodegradation efficiency, highlighting the role of nanofiber architecture and plasmon-enhanced photocatalysis in developing advanced materials for wastewater treatment.

Gold nanoparticles were synthesized via surfactant-free laser ablation and incorporated into electrospun bamboo/poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan nanofibers for plasmonic photocatalysis. Comprehensive characterization via FE-SEM, FTIR, Raman, TGA, and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed the synergistic integration of renewable bamboo biocomponents with laser-ablated Au nanoparticles. At pH 10, Bamboo/Au/PVA/CS-2 nanofibers achieved 70.55% methylene blue degradation in 240 min, a 1.8-fold improvement over the PVA/CS baseline (50.27%), with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0038 min−1. Radical scavenger experiments confirmed that superoxide radicals (∙O₂−) and photogenerated holes (h+) are the dominant reactive species, thereby elucidating the SPR-assisted charge-transfer mechanism. These results demonstrate that bamboo-derived, Au-modified PVA/CS nanofibers represent a promising class of eco-friendly, plasmon-enhanced photocatalysts for sustainable water treatment, establishing an innovative platform for colloid-interface engineering in environmental remediation.