Driven by rapid technological advances in cryospheric science and the emergence of new generations of remote sensing observations, this special issue of Remote Sensing of Environment, entitled “Remote sensing of the global cryosphere: status, processes, and trends”, brings together 23 studies published between 2023 and 2025. Collectively, these papers showcase how multi-sensor satellite observations, high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), and cutting-edge deep learning techniques are revolutionizing the monitoring of glaciers, snow, glacial lakes, permafrost, sea ice, and ice shelves across the Earth's three poles: the Arctic (including Greenland), Antarctica, and High Mountain Asia (the Third Pole). These studies integrate diverse datasets – including multisource DEMs, optical, thermal, and passive microwave imageries, as well as RADAR, LiDAR, and GRACE observations - to quantify glacier mass balance, map glacial lakes, assess permafrost thermal conditions, classify sea-ice types, and detect icebergs. We organize the publications by major cryospheric themes and their distribution across polar regions and summarize the dominant remote sensing datasets and methodologies employed. Finally, we outline future directions, emphasizing multi-sensor data fusion, physics-informed modeling, and AI-driven approaches to improve predictions of cryospheric change under a warming climate.

The recent growth and deepening of inland lakes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) may be a salient indicator of the consequences of climate change. The seasonal dynamics of these lakes is poorly understood despite this being potentially crucial for disentangling contributions from glacier melt and precipitation, which are all sensitive to climate, to lake water budget. Using in situ observations, satellite altimetry and gravimetry data, we identified two patterns of lake level seasonality. In the central, northern, and northeastern TP, lake levels are characterized by considerable increases during warm seasons and decreases during cold seasons, which is consistent with regional mass changes related to monsoon precipitation and evaporation. In the northwestern TP, however, lake levels exhibit dramatic increases during both warm and cold seasons, which deviate from regional mass changes. This appears to be more connected with high spring snowfall and large summer glacier melt. The variable lake level response to different drivers indicates heterogeneous sensitivity to climate change between the northwestern TP and other regions.