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S. van Apeldoorn
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1
Architecture that belongs
How can material systems in architecture shape the conditions for spatial, and public belonging through the transformation of abandoned quarries?
This research investigates how architecture can create conditions for spatial and public belonging. This is done through the transformation of an abandoned granite quarry in Colmenar Viejo, Spain. This research draws on theory based on material systems, co-optive and constructive making, material and spatial continuity, and situated practice. It is acknowledged that belonging is not a fixed result or something that can be created, but should be approached as a set of conditions. These conditions are translated into criteria based on the theoretical framework, which provides two principles: transform without displacing, and co-optive making before constructive making. To map the quarry, photogrammetry techniques are used. This provides a sufficiently detailed 3D model that can be used to study the quarry walls, edges, and level differences, allowing a co-optive approach. Further research was done into excavation techniques. Two methods are suitable for granite extraction, which are drill and blast and diamond wire cutting, both of which are used in this project. This results in gaining material that can be used for constructive making and spaces that can be co-opted. Research by design shows that there is a conflict between a co-optive approach and a program-led approach. The planned event space is flexible in program and can therefore easily be adapted based on the conditions of the quarry. The restaurant is less flexible in its program and was less suitable for a co-optive approach. Material continuity is achieved by using the excavated granite in the new building and by making the transformation of the material legible. The main finding of the research is that excavation can act as a mediator between co-optive and constructive making. Spatial conditions are continued by creating new spaces that can be co-opted, and material conditions are continued by producing granite, which can be transformed and used on site for new construction. This way, architectural belonging is approached by continuing the logic of the quarry.
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This research investigates how architecture can create conditions for spatial and public belonging. This is done through the transformation of an abandoned granite quarry in Colmenar Viejo, Spain. This research draws on theory based on material systems, co-optive and constructive making, material and spatial continuity, and situated practice. It is acknowledged that belonging is not a fixed result or something that can be created, but should be approached as a set of conditions. These conditions are translated into criteria based on the theoretical framework, which provides two principles: transform without displacing, and co-optive making before constructive making. To map the quarry, photogrammetry techniques are used. This provides a sufficiently detailed 3D model that can be used to study the quarry walls, edges, and level differences, allowing a co-optive approach. Further research was done into excavation techniques. Two methods are suitable for granite extraction, which are drill and blast and diamond wire cutting, both of which are used in this project. This results in gaining material that can be used for constructive making and spaces that can be co-opted. Research by design shows that there is a conflict between a co-optive approach and a program-led approach. The planned event space is flexible in program and can therefore easily be adapted based on the conditions of the quarry. The restaurant is less flexible in its program and was less suitable for a co-optive approach. Material continuity is achieved by using the excavated granite in the new building and by making the transformation of the material legible. The main finding of the research is that excavation can act as a mediator between co-optive and constructive making. Spatial conditions are continued by creating new spaces that can be co-opted, and material conditions are continued by producing granite, which can be transformed and used on site for new construction. This way, architectural belonging is approached by continuing the logic of the quarry.
Sociability of high-density public spaces in Dutch cities
What factors in the design of public spaces contribute to improving social interaction and engagement with the built environment in high-density urban neighborhoods in the Netherlands?
This paper aims to identify the design factors that enhance social interaction in public spaces within high-density urban areas in the Netherlands. As cities become increasingly dense, the role of public spaces, particularly for social interaction, becomes more significant. This paper collects data from different sources, looks for contradictions and similarities, specifies the data for its relevance to social interaction, and tests the conclusions through observations done in the city of The Hague. Three major factors came to light, one being seating. People will sit anywhere they can to interact and observe, whether the object they are sitting on is meant for that or not. The second is the density and scale of public spaces. Higher density almost always directly increases the amount of social interaction. Those two factors are more universally accepted. The third factor is more specific to the Netherlands or places with a similar climate. The third factor is the sun. The positive influence the sun has cannot be overlooked and should be taken into account when designing a public space in the Netherlands.
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This paper aims to identify the design factors that enhance social interaction in public spaces within high-density urban areas in the Netherlands. As cities become increasingly dense, the role of public spaces, particularly for social interaction, becomes more significant. This paper collects data from different sources, looks for contradictions and similarities, specifies the data for its relevance to social interaction, and tests the conclusions through observations done in the city of The Hague. Three major factors came to light, one being seating. People will sit anywhere they can to interact and observe, whether the object they are sitting on is meant for that or not. The second is the density and scale of public spaces. Higher density almost always directly increases the amount of social interaction. Those two factors are more universally accepted. The third factor is more specific to the Netherlands or places with a similar climate. The third factor is the sun. The positive influence the sun has cannot be overlooked and should be taken into account when designing a public space in the Netherlands.