Britte Bouchaut
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Research on the development and commercialization of hybrid protein, a combination of cultivated and plant-based protein, in the alternative protein transition has been increasing over the past few decades. This transition is increasingly urgent due to environmental impact and ethical issues around animal protein, as well as issues around food security and health impacts. Hybrid protein is argued to be a promising innovation to accelerate this transition as it helps overcome limitations that both cultivated protein and plant-based protein are facing.
The Netherlands is at the forefront of this development, however, the current regulations have not allowed the selling of hybrid protein yet in the European Union. At this moment, large-scale market introduction is unfeasible due to limited customer acceptance, insufficient knowledge of large-scale production, the high costs, the absence of a network that coordinates regulations and stakeholders and most importantly the absence of the regulations to allow it.
The aim of this master thesis research is to look into how to systematically integrate responsibility in the design of market entry and diffusion strategies for emerging innovations, using hybrid protein as a case study. By combining the meta-responsibility framework by Sonck et al. (2019) with the Technological Innovation System (TIS) framework for large-scale diffusion strategies by Ortt and Kamp (2022), a combined framework called the Responsible Market Development (RMD) framework is developed that serves as a tool to design responsible market entry and diffusion strategies. Where responsibilities of market actors are not incorporated in the TIS framework, a more sustainable framework is designed that does not only look at economic, but also social and environmental sustainability.
By applying the RMD framework, the barriers to market-introduction or large-scale diffusion are identified, strategies to overcome these barriers are proposed, conflicts and synergies between responsibilities are identified and combining these insights results in an output of the framework of responsible market-introduction strategies.
For the case of hybrid protein, the following barriers have been identified: ‘production system’, ‘network formation and coordination’, ‘product price’, ‘customers’ and ‘innovation-specific institutions’. The identified influencing conditions include ‘knowledge and awareness of technology’, ‘knowledge and awareness of application’, ‘macro-economic and strategic aspects’, ‘socio-cultural aspects’ and ‘accidents and events’. Based on these findings, the “top
niche strategy”, “subsidized niche strategy”, “redesign niche strategy” and “geographic niche strategy” are proposed as most suitable pathways to market-introduction. Also the “redesign niche strategy” and “demo, experiment and develop strategy” are being applied already.
Results from the RMD proposed framework as well as expert interviews suggest that there is an order to which the strategies can most effective be applied as the barriers have a sequence. Advised is to first start with the “top niche strategy” or the “redesign niche strategy”, followed by the “subsidized niche strategy” if price is still a barrier. These proposed strategies have been adapted in a way that responsibilities are taken into account to make the innovation not only economically viable, but also socially and environmentally sustainable. ...
The Netherlands is at the forefront of this development, however, the current regulations have not allowed the selling of hybrid protein yet in the European Union. At this moment, large-scale market introduction is unfeasible due to limited customer acceptance, insufficient knowledge of large-scale production, the high costs, the absence of a network that coordinates regulations and stakeholders and most importantly the absence of the regulations to allow it.
The aim of this master thesis research is to look into how to systematically integrate responsibility in the design of market entry and diffusion strategies for emerging innovations, using hybrid protein as a case study. By combining the meta-responsibility framework by Sonck et al. (2019) with the Technological Innovation System (TIS) framework for large-scale diffusion strategies by Ortt and Kamp (2022), a combined framework called the Responsible Market Development (RMD) framework is developed that serves as a tool to design responsible market entry and diffusion strategies. Where responsibilities of market actors are not incorporated in the TIS framework, a more sustainable framework is designed that does not only look at economic, but also social and environmental sustainability.
By applying the RMD framework, the barriers to market-introduction or large-scale diffusion are identified, strategies to overcome these barriers are proposed, conflicts and synergies between responsibilities are identified and combining these insights results in an output of the framework of responsible market-introduction strategies.
For the case of hybrid protein, the following barriers have been identified: ‘production system’, ‘network formation and coordination’, ‘product price’, ‘customers’ and ‘innovation-specific institutions’. The identified influencing conditions include ‘knowledge and awareness of technology’, ‘knowledge and awareness of application’, ‘macro-economic and strategic aspects’, ‘socio-cultural aspects’ and ‘accidents and events’. Based on these findings, the “top
niche strategy”, “subsidized niche strategy”, “redesign niche strategy” and “geographic niche strategy” are proposed as most suitable pathways to market-introduction. Also the “redesign niche strategy” and “demo, experiment and develop strategy” are being applied already.
Results from the RMD proposed framework as well as expert interviews suggest that there is an order to which the strategies can most effective be applied as the barriers have a sequence. Advised is to first start with the “top niche strategy” or the “redesign niche strategy”, followed by the “subsidized niche strategy” if price is still a barrier. These proposed strategies have been adapted in a way that responsibilities are taken into account to make the innovation not only economically viable, but also socially and environmentally sustainable. ...
Research on the development and commercialization of hybrid protein, a combination of cultivated and plant-based protein, in the alternative protein transition has been increasing over the past few decades. This transition is increasingly urgent due to environmental impact and ethical issues around animal protein, as well as issues around food security and health impacts. Hybrid protein is argued to be a promising innovation to accelerate this transition as it helps overcome limitations that both cultivated protein and plant-based protein are facing.
The Netherlands is at the forefront of this development, however, the current regulations have not allowed the selling of hybrid protein yet in the European Union. At this moment, large-scale market introduction is unfeasible due to limited customer acceptance, insufficient knowledge of large-scale production, the high costs, the absence of a network that coordinates regulations and stakeholders and most importantly the absence of the regulations to allow it.
The aim of this master thesis research is to look into how to systematically integrate responsibility in the design of market entry and diffusion strategies for emerging innovations, using hybrid protein as a case study. By combining the meta-responsibility framework by Sonck et al. (2019) with the Technological Innovation System (TIS) framework for large-scale diffusion strategies by Ortt and Kamp (2022), a combined framework called the Responsible Market Development (RMD) framework is developed that serves as a tool to design responsible market entry and diffusion strategies. Where responsibilities of market actors are not incorporated in the TIS framework, a more sustainable framework is designed that does not only look at economic, but also social and environmental sustainability.
By applying the RMD framework, the barriers to market-introduction or large-scale diffusion are identified, strategies to overcome these barriers are proposed, conflicts and synergies between responsibilities are identified and combining these insights results in an output of the framework of responsible market-introduction strategies.
For the case of hybrid protein, the following barriers have been identified: ‘production system’, ‘network formation and coordination’, ‘product price’, ‘customers’ and ‘innovation-specific institutions’. The identified influencing conditions include ‘knowledge and awareness of technology’, ‘knowledge and awareness of application’, ‘macro-economic and strategic aspects’, ‘socio-cultural aspects’ and ‘accidents and events’. Based on these findings, the “top
niche strategy”, “subsidized niche strategy”, “redesign niche strategy” and “geographic niche strategy” are proposed as most suitable pathways to market-introduction. Also the “redesign niche strategy” and “demo, experiment and develop strategy” are being applied already.
Results from the RMD proposed framework as well as expert interviews suggest that there is an order to which the strategies can most effective be applied as the barriers have a sequence. Advised is to first start with the “top niche strategy” or the “redesign niche strategy”, followed by the “subsidized niche strategy” if price is still a barrier. These proposed strategies have been adapted in a way that responsibilities are taken into account to make the innovation not only economically viable, but also socially and environmentally sustainable.
The Netherlands is at the forefront of this development, however, the current regulations have not allowed the selling of hybrid protein yet in the European Union. At this moment, large-scale market introduction is unfeasible due to limited customer acceptance, insufficient knowledge of large-scale production, the high costs, the absence of a network that coordinates regulations and stakeholders and most importantly the absence of the regulations to allow it.
The aim of this master thesis research is to look into how to systematically integrate responsibility in the design of market entry and diffusion strategies for emerging innovations, using hybrid protein as a case study. By combining the meta-responsibility framework by Sonck et al. (2019) with the Technological Innovation System (TIS) framework for large-scale diffusion strategies by Ortt and Kamp (2022), a combined framework called the Responsible Market Development (RMD) framework is developed that serves as a tool to design responsible market entry and diffusion strategies. Where responsibilities of market actors are not incorporated in the TIS framework, a more sustainable framework is designed that does not only look at economic, but also social and environmental sustainability.
By applying the RMD framework, the barriers to market-introduction or large-scale diffusion are identified, strategies to overcome these barriers are proposed, conflicts and synergies between responsibilities are identified and combining these insights results in an output of the framework of responsible market-introduction strategies.
For the case of hybrid protein, the following barriers have been identified: ‘production system’, ‘network formation and coordination’, ‘product price’, ‘customers’ and ‘innovation-specific institutions’. The identified influencing conditions include ‘knowledge and awareness of technology’, ‘knowledge and awareness of application’, ‘macro-economic and strategic aspects’, ‘socio-cultural aspects’ and ‘accidents and events’. Based on these findings, the “top
niche strategy”, “subsidized niche strategy”, “redesign niche strategy” and “geographic niche strategy” are proposed as most suitable pathways to market-introduction. Also the “redesign niche strategy” and “demo, experiment and develop strategy” are being applied already.
Results from the RMD proposed framework as well as expert interviews suggest that there is an order to which the strategies can most effective be applied as the barriers have a sequence. Advised is to first start with the “top niche strategy” or the “redesign niche strategy”, followed by the “subsidized niche strategy” if price is still a barrier. These proposed strategies have been adapted in a way that responsibilities are taken into account to make the innovation not only economically viable, but also socially and environmentally sustainable.
This thesis examines how safety and sustainability can be integrated into novel biobased façade panels. In the context of rapid urbanisation, climate change and the construction sector’s significant environmental footprint, biobased materials offer potential but face barriers such as fire safety, durability and long-term performance concerns. The EU’s SSbD framework embeds safety and sustainability from early product development, yet its application to construction, particularly for biobased façades, remains limited.
Using Leafy, a startup producing bamboo-based panels, as a case study, this research operationalises the SSbD framework through a qualitative approach with quantitative elements, drawing on document analysis and stakeholder interviews. Findings indicate that SSbD can be effectively applied to green façade panels through a tiered, multi-criteria assessment that integrates hazard analysis, life cycle thinking and risk mitigation. Responsible design requires meeting minimum safety and sustainability thresholds, guided by precaution and transparency. The study calls for adapting SSbD to address the specific challenges of biobased materials and the evolving needs of the construction sector. ...
Using Leafy, a startup producing bamboo-based panels, as a case study, this research operationalises the SSbD framework through a qualitative approach with quantitative elements, drawing on document analysis and stakeholder interviews. Findings indicate that SSbD can be effectively applied to green façade panels through a tiered, multi-criteria assessment that integrates hazard analysis, life cycle thinking and risk mitigation. Responsible design requires meeting minimum safety and sustainability thresholds, guided by precaution and transparency. The study calls for adapting SSbD to address the specific challenges of biobased materials and the evolving needs of the construction sector. ...
This thesis examines how safety and sustainability can be integrated into novel biobased façade panels. In the context of rapid urbanisation, climate change and the construction sector’s significant environmental footprint, biobased materials offer potential but face barriers such as fire safety, durability and long-term performance concerns. The EU’s SSbD framework embeds safety and sustainability from early product development, yet its application to construction, particularly for biobased façades, remains limited.
Using Leafy, a startup producing bamboo-based panels, as a case study, this research operationalises the SSbD framework through a qualitative approach with quantitative elements, drawing on document analysis and stakeholder interviews. Findings indicate that SSbD can be effectively applied to green façade panels through a tiered, multi-criteria assessment that integrates hazard analysis, life cycle thinking and risk mitigation. Responsible design requires meeting minimum safety and sustainability thresholds, guided by precaution and transparency. The study calls for adapting SSbD to address the specific challenges of biobased materials and the evolving needs of the construction sector.
Using Leafy, a startup producing bamboo-based panels, as a case study, this research operationalises the SSbD framework through a qualitative approach with quantitative elements, drawing on document analysis and stakeholder interviews. Findings indicate that SSbD can be effectively applied to green façade panels through a tiered, multi-criteria assessment that integrates hazard analysis, life cycle thinking and risk mitigation. Responsible design requires meeting minimum safety and sustainability thresholds, guided by precaution and transparency. The study calls for adapting SSbD to address the specific challenges of biobased materials and the evolving needs of the construction sector.
Fighting Malaria Using Gene Drives: Worthy Tool or Waste of Time?
A Safe-by-Design Assessment for Gene Drive Organisms
Malaria is both an economically and medically burdensome disease taunting people worldwide. Treatments for the disease – transmitted by malarial Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium – are either temporary or in developmental stages, while rising insecticidal resistance and mosquitoes’ behavioral changes call for a lasting solution to responsibly fight malaria. The application of gene drive (GD) technology – biasedly propagating genetic material into a population using CRISPR/Cas9 – has been suggested. By introducing a sex ratio bias into malarial mosquito populations, or by targeting the mosquito’s interaction with the Plasmodium-parasite, malaria could be eradicated. The design, testing and implementation phases of GDs must, however, be approached with caution, due to the invasive nature of and controversy around the technology. To prevent harmful consequences, the risk management strategy of Safe-by-Design (SbD) was used to compose a set of guidelines for selected SbD Risk Categories. Academic literature and scientist interviews were used to obtain insights of possible risks and to find balance between medical progress and technological threats. Stakeholder involvement was found to be an important part of the GD design process, with a multidisciplinary team of experts, appointed and enforced by international organizations. The team must be held co-responsible for compliance with the guidelines of all four SbD Risk Categories, covering (i) unintended effects on non-target organisms and ecosystems, (ii) horizontal gene transfer (HGT), (iii) pathogenicity and toxicity, and (iv) run-off risk and reversibility. Key findings include previously proposed models, including an inhibitory rock–paper–scissors and a confining split-drive model for GD regulation. After carefully considering the available knowledge and the guidelines necessary for responsible research, I concluded that further research into mosquitoes’ ecosystems, target-specificity, HGT prevention and the theoretical GD models is required.
...
Malaria is both an economically and medically burdensome disease taunting people worldwide. Treatments for the disease – transmitted by malarial Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium – are either temporary or in developmental stages, while rising insecticidal resistance and mosquitoes’ behavioral changes call for a lasting solution to responsibly fight malaria. The application of gene drive (GD) technology – biasedly propagating genetic material into a population using CRISPR/Cas9 – has been suggested. By introducing a sex ratio bias into malarial mosquito populations, or by targeting the mosquito’s interaction with the Plasmodium-parasite, malaria could be eradicated. The design, testing and implementation phases of GDs must, however, be approached with caution, due to the invasive nature of and controversy around the technology. To prevent harmful consequences, the risk management strategy of Safe-by-Design (SbD) was used to compose a set of guidelines for selected SbD Risk Categories. Academic literature and scientist interviews were used to obtain insights of possible risks and to find balance between medical progress and technological threats. Stakeholder involvement was found to be an important part of the GD design process, with a multidisciplinary team of experts, appointed and enforced by international organizations. The team must be held co-responsible for compliance with the guidelines of all four SbD Risk Categories, covering (i) unintended effects on non-target organisms and ecosystems, (ii) horizontal gene transfer (HGT), (iii) pathogenicity and toxicity, and (iv) run-off risk and reversibility. Key findings include previously proposed models, including an inhibitory rock–paper–scissors and a confining split-drive model for GD regulation. After carefully considering the available knowledge and the guidelines necessary for responsible research, I concluded that further research into mosquitoes’ ecosystems, target-specificity, HGT prevention and the theoretical GD models is required.