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G.A. Orsini
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1
Microneedle patch (MNP) technology enables transdermal drug delivery (TDD) by penetrating the stratum corneum (SC) and is upcoming in the East-Asian skincare market as anti-acne microneedle patches (AAMNPs). TDD increase the absorption of active acne-fighting ingredients, which are dissolved in these microneedles. However, AAMNPs cannot penetrate the SC successfully with manual application. As manual application frequently results in inconsistent needle penetration, reduced efficacy, and needle damage during use, which has also been confirmed with this thesis. To make the microneedles (MNs) penetrate an applicator is required. At the moment there is no known cosmetic MNP applicator on the market, indicating a gap in the market. This thesis presents the design and development of MINUS, a compact AAMNP applicator for facial use. The primary objective was to create a device that ensures effective, safe, consistent, and accurate application of AAMNPs while accommodating multiple patch sizes for a broad MNP usage. The project was conducted for uPATCH, a startup primarily focused on the development for medical MNP applicator.
The research is done with a triple diamond approach with three phases: research, conceptualisation, and embodiment. Main procedures included market analysis, investigating penetration mechanics, researching AAMNP effective penetration spring force and user evaluations. The resulting design implements an impact force delivery system, enabled by a spring that is retracted and locked by twisting the device. This spring is released by a button, pushing the inserting AAMNP forward, resulting in penetration using impact force. The design consists of nine parts that can be easily assembled under 1 minutes. The applicator accommodates AAMNPs up to 20mm in diameter and prioritizes compatibility with existing patch packaging for rapid market integration.
Findings indicate that the MINUS applicator successfully enables skin penetration of CMNPs, transforming previously ineffective topical applications into functional transdermal delivery systems. However, several limitations were identified, including testing conducted on forearm rather than facial skin, and the inability to establish direct contact with manufacturers and consumers for validation. Recommendations include exploring an adjustable impact force mechanism to accommodate for the different facial regions, investigating repairability improvements and encouraging MNP manufacturers to redesign their MNPs to be able to penetrate with a spring force of 20 N instead of 45 N.
This thesis shows that a well-designed applicator can significantly enhance the effectiveness and user experience of AAMNPs, creating value for manufacturers, clients, and end-users while addressing a clear gap in the current market. ...
The research is done with a triple diamond approach with three phases: research, conceptualisation, and embodiment. Main procedures included market analysis, investigating penetration mechanics, researching AAMNP effective penetration spring force and user evaluations. The resulting design implements an impact force delivery system, enabled by a spring that is retracted and locked by twisting the device. This spring is released by a button, pushing the inserting AAMNP forward, resulting in penetration using impact force. The design consists of nine parts that can be easily assembled under 1 minutes. The applicator accommodates AAMNPs up to 20mm in diameter and prioritizes compatibility with existing patch packaging for rapid market integration.
Findings indicate that the MINUS applicator successfully enables skin penetration of CMNPs, transforming previously ineffective topical applications into functional transdermal delivery systems. However, several limitations were identified, including testing conducted on forearm rather than facial skin, and the inability to establish direct contact with manufacturers and consumers for validation. Recommendations include exploring an adjustable impact force mechanism to accommodate for the different facial regions, investigating repairability improvements and encouraging MNP manufacturers to redesign their MNPs to be able to penetrate with a spring force of 20 N instead of 45 N.
This thesis shows that a well-designed applicator can significantly enhance the effectiveness and user experience of AAMNPs, creating value for manufacturers, clients, and end-users while addressing a clear gap in the current market. ...
Microneedle patch (MNP) technology enables transdermal drug delivery (TDD) by penetrating the stratum corneum (SC) and is upcoming in the East-Asian skincare market as anti-acne microneedle patches (AAMNPs). TDD increase the absorption of active acne-fighting ingredients, which are dissolved in these microneedles. However, AAMNPs cannot penetrate the SC successfully with manual application. As manual application frequently results in inconsistent needle penetration, reduced efficacy, and needle damage during use, which has also been confirmed with this thesis. To make the microneedles (MNs) penetrate an applicator is required. At the moment there is no known cosmetic MNP applicator on the market, indicating a gap in the market. This thesis presents the design and development of MINUS, a compact AAMNP applicator for facial use. The primary objective was to create a device that ensures effective, safe, consistent, and accurate application of AAMNPs while accommodating multiple patch sizes for a broad MNP usage. The project was conducted for uPATCH, a startup primarily focused on the development for medical MNP applicator.
The research is done with a triple diamond approach with three phases: research, conceptualisation, and embodiment. Main procedures included market analysis, investigating penetration mechanics, researching AAMNP effective penetration spring force and user evaluations. The resulting design implements an impact force delivery system, enabled by a spring that is retracted and locked by twisting the device. This spring is released by a button, pushing the inserting AAMNP forward, resulting in penetration using impact force. The design consists of nine parts that can be easily assembled under 1 minutes. The applicator accommodates AAMNPs up to 20mm in diameter and prioritizes compatibility with existing patch packaging for rapid market integration.
Findings indicate that the MINUS applicator successfully enables skin penetration of CMNPs, transforming previously ineffective topical applications into functional transdermal delivery systems. However, several limitations were identified, including testing conducted on forearm rather than facial skin, and the inability to establish direct contact with manufacturers and consumers for validation. Recommendations include exploring an adjustable impact force mechanism to accommodate for the different facial regions, investigating repairability improvements and encouraging MNP manufacturers to redesign their MNPs to be able to penetrate with a spring force of 20 N instead of 45 N.
This thesis shows that a well-designed applicator can significantly enhance the effectiveness and user experience of AAMNPs, creating value for manufacturers, clients, and end-users while addressing a clear gap in the current market.
The research is done with a triple diamond approach with three phases: research, conceptualisation, and embodiment. Main procedures included market analysis, investigating penetration mechanics, researching AAMNP effective penetration spring force and user evaluations. The resulting design implements an impact force delivery system, enabled by a spring that is retracted and locked by twisting the device. This spring is released by a button, pushing the inserting AAMNP forward, resulting in penetration using impact force. The design consists of nine parts that can be easily assembled under 1 minutes. The applicator accommodates AAMNPs up to 20mm in diameter and prioritizes compatibility with existing patch packaging for rapid market integration.
Findings indicate that the MINUS applicator successfully enables skin penetration of CMNPs, transforming previously ineffective topical applications into functional transdermal delivery systems. However, several limitations were identified, including testing conducted on forearm rather than facial skin, and the inability to establish direct contact with manufacturers and consumers for validation. Recommendations include exploring an adjustable impact force mechanism to accommodate for the different facial regions, investigating repairability improvements and encouraging MNP manufacturers to redesign their MNPs to be able to penetrate with a spring force of 20 N instead of 45 N.
This thesis shows that a well-designed applicator can significantly enhance the effectiveness and user experience of AAMNPs, creating value for manufacturers, clients, and end-users while addressing a clear gap in the current market.
The rapid growth of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) has led to a significant increase in electronic waste (e-waste), highlighting the need for more sustainable product lifecycles. Repair is a key strategy within the circular economy, yet consumers often replace products even when repair is feasible, particularly in the domain of small household electric appliances.
This project explores how product design can encourage do-it-yourself (DIY) repair by making repair opportunities more visible, approachable, and intuitive through the use of affordances and signifiers in the product embodiment. A mixed-method approach was applied, including a literature review, field research at Repair Cafés, product analyses, and user interviews. Based on these insights, a set of design principles for facilitating DIY repair was developed and applied in a case study of an electric shaver.
The findings show that repair affordances form the structural foundation of repairability by reducing physical and cognitive effort, while signifiers play a crucial role in communicating the intended repair actions to users. By making repair actions perceivable, interpretable, and trustworthy, signifiers reduce psychological barriers and increase user confidence. Together, affordances and signifiers transform repair from an uncertain and intimidating process into a more guided and accessible experience.
These results demonstrate the importance of integrating both structural and communicative design strategies to support consumer repair behavior, contributing to more sustainable product use and reduced e-waste. ...
This project explores how product design can encourage do-it-yourself (DIY) repair by making repair opportunities more visible, approachable, and intuitive through the use of affordances and signifiers in the product embodiment. A mixed-method approach was applied, including a literature review, field research at Repair Cafés, product analyses, and user interviews. Based on these insights, a set of design principles for facilitating DIY repair was developed and applied in a case study of an electric shaver.
The findings show that repair affordances form the structural foundation of repairability by reducing physical and cognitive effort, while signifiers play a crucial role in communicating the intended repair actions to users. By making repair actions perceivable, interpretable, and trustworthy, signifiers reduce psychological barriers and increase user confidence. Together, affordances and signifiers transform repair from an uncertain and intimidating process into a more guided and accessible experience.
These results demonstrate the importance of integrating both structural and communicative design strategies to support consumer repair behavior, contributing to more sustainable product use and reduced e-waste. ...
The rapid growth of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) has led to a significant increase in electronic waste (e-waste), highlighting the need for more sustainable product lifecycles. Repair is a key strategy within the circular economy, yet consumers often replace products even when repair is feasible, particularly in the domain of small household electric appliances.
This project explores how product design can encourage do-it-yourself (DIY) repair by making repair opportunities more visible, approachable, and intuitive through the use of affordances and signifiers in the product embodiment. A mixed-method approach was applied, including a literature review, field research at Repair Cafés, product analyses, and user interviews. Based on these insights, a set of design principles for facilitating DIY repair was developed and applied in a case study of an electric shaver.
The findings show that repair affordances form the structural foundation of repairability by reducing physical and cognitive effort, while signifiers play a crucial role in communicating the intended repair actions to users. By making repair actions perceivable, interpretable, and trustworthy, signifiers reduce psychological barriers and increase user confidence. Together, affordances and signifiers transform repair from an uncertain and intimidating process into a more guided and accessible experience.
These results demonstrate the importance of integrating both structural and communicative design strategies to support consumer repair behavior, contributing to more sustainable product use and reduced e-waste.
This project explores how product design can encourage do-it-yourself (DIY) repair by making repair opportunities more visible, approachable, and intuitive through the use of affordances and signifiers in the product embodiment. A mixed-method approach was applied, including a literature review, field research at Repair Cafés, product analyses, and user interviews. Based on these insights, a set of design principles for facilitating DIY repair was developed and applied in a case study of an electric shaver.
The findings show that repair affordances form the structural foundation of repairability by reducing physical and cognitive effort, while signifiers play a crucial role in communicating the intended repair actions to users. By making repair actions perceivable, interpretable, and trustworthy, signifiers reduce psychological barriers and increase user confidence. Together, affordances and signifiers transform repair from an uncertain and intimidating process into a more guided and accessible experience.
These results demonstrate the importance of integrating both structural and communicative design strategies to support consumer repair behavior, contributing to more sustainable product use and reduced e-waste.
This master's thesis focuses on designing a storage solution for the Combat Vehicle 90 (CV90), where space is limited and personal equipment cannot be safely stored in the current situation. By creatively rethinking the use of space, a solution has been developed that allows infantry soldiers to securely store their personal equipment within the vehicle.
...
This master's thesis focuses on designing a storage solution for the Combat Vehicle 90 (CV90), where space is limited and personal equipment cannot be safely stored in the current situation. By creatively rethinking the use of space, a solution has been developed that allows infantry soldiers to securely store their personal equipment within the vehicle.
Repair Practices in Luxury Electronics
A holistic product-service-system to improve repair practices of B&O headphones in the luxury electronics market targeting the new generation
This thesis explores how Bang & Olufsen (B&O) can reframe repair from an afterthought into a natural, valuable part of luxury ownership, especially for smaller, more accessible products like BEOPLAY headphones. While B&O has a strong repair infrastructure for its high-end range, products like wearables and portable speakers are still often replaced instead of repaired. This project shows that to change that, B&O needs more than just spare parts or technical services, it needs to rethink how repair is positioned, experienced, and emotionally valued.
The focuses on consumer behaviour and consmer values, specifically the barriers and incentives towards repair behaviour. Repair isn’t just practical, it’s shaped by motivations, identity, and emotion. Using frameworks like Schwartz’s value theory and Fogg’s Behaviour Model, four value-based personas were identified that reflect the diverse values and needs of younger B&O customers. These insights make clear that a one-size-fits-all solution won’t work—repair must be flexible, intuitive, and emotional.
In addition to the consumer focused research, B&O’s current service landscape was also analysed, where gaps in emotional engagement, clarity, and consistency were identified, especially when it comes to smaller products. The proposed solution is a conceptual product-service system for BEOPLAY that weaves together proactive care, tailored repair options, and post-warranty support into one coherent, premium experience. It was developed through multiple design rounds and validated through user testing and stakeholder feedback.
The final concept empowers users who want more control, supports those who expect seamles luxury, and inspires those who view luxury as a reflection of their values. It aligns with B&O’s brand promise of timeless quality and builds a foundation for stronger loyalty, longer product use, and meaningful sustainability.
This project started with a way to tackle Fixophobia, but ended up being a structure with which B&O can create change, inspire loyalty, and position themselves stronger in the market.
...
The focuses on consumer behaviour and consmer values, specifically the barriers and incentives towards repair behaviour. Repair isn’t just practical, it’s shaped by motivations, identity, and emotion. Using frameworks like Schwartz’s value theory and Fogg’s Behaviour Model, four value-based personas were identified that reflect the diverse values and needs of younger B&O customers. These insights make clear that a one-size-fits-all solution won’t work—repair must be flexible, intuitive, and emotional.
In addition to the consumer focused research, B&O’s current service landscape was also analysed, where gaps in emotional engagement, clarity, and consistency were identified, especially when it comes to smaller products. The proposed solution is a conceptual product-service system for BEOPLAY that weaves together proactive care, tailored repair options, and post-warranty support into one coherent, premium experience. It was developed through multiple design rounds and validated through user testing and stakeholder feedback.
The final concept empowers users who want more control, supports those who expect seamles luxury, and inspires those who view luxury as a reflection of their values. It aligns with B&O’s brand promise of timeless quality and builds a foundation for stronger loyalty, longer product use, and meaningful sustainability.
This project started with a way to tackle Fixophobia, but ended up being a structure with which B&O can create change, inspire loyalty, and position themselves stronger in the market.
...
This thesis explores how Bang & Olufsen (B&O) can reframe repair from an afterthought into a natural, valuable part of luxury ownership, especially for smaller, more accessible products like BEOPLAY headphones. While B&O has a strong repair infrastructure for its high-end range, products like wearables and portable speakers are still often replaced instead of repaired. This project shows that to change that, B&O needs more than just spare parts or technical services, it needs to rethink how repair is positioned, experienced, and emotionally valued.
The focuses on consumer behaviour and consmer values, specifically the barriers and incentives towards repair behaviour. Repair isn’t just practical, it’s shaped by motivations, identity, and emotion. Using frameworks like Schwartz’s value theory and Fogg’s Behaviour Model, four value-based personas were identified that reflect the diverse values and needs of younger B&O customers. These insights make clear that a one-size-fits-all solution won’t work—repair must be flexible, intuitive, and emotional.
In addition to the consumer focused research, B&O’s current service landscape was also analysed, where gaps in emotional engagement, clarity, and consistency were identified, especially when it comes to smaller products. The proposed solution is a conceptual product-service system for BEOPLAY that weaves together proactive care, tailored repair options, and post-warranty support into one coherent, premium experience. It was developed through multiple design rounds and validated through user testing and stakeholder feedback.
The final concept empowers users who want more control, supports those who expect seamles luxury, and inspires those who view luxury as a reflection of their values. It aligns with B&O’s brand promise of timeless quality and builds a foundation for stronger loyalty, longer product use, and meaningful sustainability.
This project started with a way to tackle Fixophobia, but ended up being a structure with which B&O can create change, inspire loyalty, and position themselves stronger in the market.
The focuses on consumer behaviour and consmer values, specifically the barriers and incentives towards repair behaviour. Repair isn’t just practical, it’s shaped by motivations, identity, and emotion. Using frameworks like Schwartz’s value theory and Fogg’s Behaviour Model, four value-based personas were identified that reflect the diverse values and needs of younger B&O customers. These insights make clear that a one-size-fits-all solution won’t work—repair must be flexible, intuitive, and emotional.
In addition to the consumer focused research, B&O’s current service landscape was also analysed, where gaps in emotional engagement, clarity, and consistency were identified, especially when it comes to smaller products. The proposed solution is a conceptual product-service system for BEOPLAY that weaves together proactive care, tailored repair options, and post-warranty support into one coherent, premium experience. It was developed through multiple design rounds and validated through user testing and stakeholder feedback.
The final concept empowers users who want more control, supports those who expect seamles luxury, and inspires those who view luxury as a reflection of their values. It aligns with B&O’s brand promise of timeless quality and builds a foundation for stronger loyalty, longer product use, and meaningful sustainability.
This project started with a way to tackle Fixophobia, but ended up being a structure with which B&O can create change, inspire loyalty, and position themselves stronger in the market.