Large Tunability of Strain in WO3 Single-Crystal Microresonators Controlled by Exposure to H2 Gas
N. Manca (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, Istituto superconduttori, materiali innovativi e dispositivi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, University of Genova, TU Delft - QN/Caviglia Lab)
G. Mattoni (TU Delft - QN/Caviglia Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
Marco Pelassa (University of Genova)
Warner Venstra (Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft, Quantified Air BV, TU Delft - QN/Afdelingsbureau)
Herre van der Zant (TU Delft - QN/van der Zant Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
A Caviglia (TU Delft - QN/Caviglia Lab, Kavli institute of nanoscience Delft)
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Abstract
Strain engineering is one of the most effective approaches to manipulate the physical state of materials, control their electronic properties, and enable crucial functionalities. Because of their rich phase diagrams arising from competing ground states, quantum materials are an ideal playground for on-demand material control and can be used to develop emergent technologies, such as adaptive electronics or neuromorphic computing. It was recently suggested that complex oxides could bring unprecedented functionalities to the field of nanomechanics, but the possibility of precisely controlling the stress state of materials is so far lacking. Here, we demonstrate the wide and reversible manipulation of the stress state of single-crystal WO3 by strain engineering controlled by catalytic hydrogenation. Progressive incorporation of hydrogen in freestanding ultrathin structures determines large variations of their mechanical resonance frequencies, inducing static deformation. Our results demonstrate hydrogen doping as a new paradigm to reversibly manipulate the mechanical properties of nanodevices based on materials control.