On the efficiency of coupled vs uncoupled vibration energy harvesters under transient excitations

Abstract

Vibration energy harvesters are especially interesting to use in an environment where there is one dominant vibration frequency present because then the harvesters can be designed to resonate at that specific frequency. To spread out the power yield over more frequencies a multi-modal harvester can be used which can resonate at multiple frequencies. A vibration with more than one sine wave can be manifested in a number of ways. The two frequencies can be present simultaneously, or they can alternate each other. How the energy harvesters react to these different vibration inputs is researched in this paper. Two fundamentally different multi-modal energy harvesters are used here. One which can be described by a coupled system of equations and one uncoupled. Two prototypes of an uncoupled and one coupled device are made and tested on an electromagnetic shaker. The vibration signals are sent to the shaker and the power output of the energy harvesters is measured using piezoelectric transducers mounted to the mechanisms. The results show that a phaseshift in the sine wave input signal generally results in a increase in power, where a decrease was assumed beforehand. When switching the input vibration from the first to the second eigenfrequency the power output does drop significantly, but the coupled mechanism has a substantially higher power output than the uncoupled device. And when the mechanisms are excited by a vibration with two eigenfrequencies at the same time no significant difference between the two can be observed, nor does the power output drop significantly. While the comparison between these two mechanisms is probably accurate, the quantitative conclusions must be taken with a grain of salt as it was noticed in a later stage of the research that the vibration signals were not consistent over the entire time period. At this point it is unclear if an overall better mechanism can be picked between the coupled and uncoupled one. However, it is shown that both have their distinct advantages where they outperform their counterpart, which can be used for designing a better energy harvester in future applications