Hydraulic stability of Cubipods on gentle slopes with an impermeable core
A physical model study motivated by the IJmuiden breakwater reconstruction
P.D. Ramondt (TU Delft - Civil Engineering & Geosciences)
Bas Hofland – Mentor (TU Delft - Civil Engineering & Geosciences)
Stefan van den Berg – Mentor (Rijkswaterstaat)
Marcel van Gent – Graduation committee member (TU Delft - Civil Engineering & Geosciences)
Arnaud Casteleijn – Graduation committee member (Rijkswaterstaat)
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Abstract
This thesis investigates the hydraulic stability of single-layer Cubipod armour on gentle impermeable slopes, a combination outside standard breakwater design guidelines and relevant to the reconstruction of the IJmuiden Southern Breakwater. The study is based on 22 physical model tests in the TU Delft wave flume, on 1:2 and 1:3 slopes, with two underlayer thicknesses, a double-layer configuration, a single-layer cube reference, and five armour units carrying custom-built embedded rocking sensors.
The gentler 1:3 slope was less stable than the 1:2 slope. The design stability numbers are Nsd = 1.98 on the 1:2 slope and 1.81 on the 1:3 slope, both governed by the initiation of damage. Doubling the underlayer thickness gave no improvement, placement porosity proved critical, and rocking-induced fatigue is not expected to limit the design.
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