Photon-Counting Arrays for Time-Resolved Imaging
I. Michel Antolović (TU Delft - (OLD)Applied Quantum Architectures)
Yuki Maruyama (Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA)
E Charbon-Iwasaki-Charbon (TU Delft - (OLD)Applied Quantum Architectures, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
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Abstract
The paper presents a camera comprising 512 × 128 pixels capable of single-photon detection and gating with a maximum frame rate of 156 kfps. The photon capture is performed through a gated single-photon avalanche diode that generates a digital pulse upon photon detection and through a digital one-bit counter. Gray levels are obtained through multiple counting and accumulation, while time-resolved imaging is achieved through a 4-ns gating window controlled with subnanosecond accuracy by a field-programmable gate array. The sensor, which is equipped with microlenses to enhance its effective fill factor, was electro-optically characterized in terms of sensitivity and uniformity. Several examples of capture of fast events are shown to demonstrate the suitability of the approach.
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