Aerodynamic interaction effects of tip-mounted propellers installed on the horizontal tailplane
Nando van Arnhem (TU Delft - Flight Performance and Propulsion)
Tomas Sinnige (TU Delft - Flight Performance and Propulsion)
T.C.A. Stokkermans (TU Delft - Flight Performance and Propulsion)
G. Eitelberg (TU Delft - Flight Performance and Propulsion)
Leo L.L.M. Veldhuis (TU Delft - Flight Performance and Propulsion)
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Abstract
This paper addresses the effects of propeller installation on the aerodynamic performance of a tailplane featuring tip-mounted propellers. A model of a low aspect ratio tailplane equipped with an elevator and a tip-mounted propeller was installed in a low-speed wind-tunnel. Measurements were taken with an external balance and surface pressure taps to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of the tailplane, while the flowfield in the wake of the model was investigated using particle-image velocimetry. The experimental data are supported by CFD analyses, involving both transient simulations of the full-blade configuration and steady-state simulations the propeller replaced by an actuator-disk model. The upstream effects on the propeller time-average and time-accurate thrust and normal-forces are found to be limited for different tailplane operating conditions. It is shown that for a given propeller rotation direction, the load distribution on the tailplane is highly dependent on the direction of elevator deflection. The rotation direction of the tailplane tip-vortex relative to the propeller swirl therefore significantly affects the integral loads on the tailplane, resulting in differences in the normal-force gradient and elevator effectiveness.