Lines of Power
The path of al Boraq through power, politics and progress
A. Asag-Gau (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)
R. Cavallo – Mentor (TU Delft - Theory, Territories & Transitions)
C.L. Martin – Mentor (TU Delft - Environmental & Climate Design)
John Hanna – Mentor (TU Delft - History, Form & Aesthetics)
Karel Van den Berghe – Graduation committee member (TU Delft - Urban Development Management)
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Abstract
This study examines how large-scale infrastructure projects, with a focus on the proposed tunnel between Spain and Morocco, influence the urban landscape and socio-spatial dynamics in Tangier, Morocco. The study, which is inspired by personal experiences and based on interdisciplinary theories, investigates how infrastructure can reinforce or reduce existing inequalities. The research uses a variety of methods to find the answers to the central question: how can infrastructure such as the tunnel be designed and implemented to promote inclusive development? These methods include an integrated methodology, archival research, fieldwork, mapping, case studies and policy analysis.
The theoretical framework is based on dromology, technopolitics, viapolitics, and infrastructural boundaries. It shows that infrastructure is not a neutral connection but a technopolitical force that regulates access, mobility, and power. Historical analysis shows how Tangier's development has long prioritized external connectivity over internal equality. This has led to spatial fragmentation. Comparative case studies of megaprojects such as the Channel Tunnel and the Øresund Bridge offer lessons on centralisation, migration pressure and social displacement.
The main findings indicate that improved connectivity stimulates urbanization and economic growth. However, this often happens at the expense of local inclusion. Inclusive planning is vital to prevent the tunnel from exacerbating the socioeconomic disparities within Tangier and between continents. The study's final conclusion offers practical design and policy recommendations for promoting equity, accessibility and sustainability in the region's future infrastructure development.