Beyond the front door
collective living in the Tarwewijk
M. Hack
Jacques Vink – Mentor (TU Delft - Teachers of Practice / A)
L.M. Oorschot – Mentor (TU Delft - Teachers of Practice / A)
F.R. Schnater – Mentor (TU Delft - Building Design & Technology)
M.J. van Dorst – Graduation committee member (TU Delft - Urban Studies)
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Abstract
This research investigates the potential of co-living as a strategy to mitigate loneliness, with a specific focus on the Tarwewijk neighborhood in Rotterdam. The study aims to answer the question: What living environment principles can support the design of a cohousing community that fosters social cohesion on different scale levels in the Tarwewijk? By integrating insights from literature, site visits to collective housing projects, and interviews with experts, policymakers, and residents, the research identifies key spatial and social factors that contribute to successful co-living environments.
The analysis is structured across three spatial scales: the neighborhood, the street, and the building. Findings indicate that while the Tarwewijk has social cores with adequate public spaces, its walkability is compromised by physical barriers, leading to a fragmented social fabric. At the street level, issues such as narrow sidewalks, obstructive parking, and a lack of personal investment in the public realm diminish the sense of community. At the building level, diversity in housing typologies and well-designed communal spaces enhance inclusivity and social interaction. Flexibility in spatial arrangements also emerges as a crucial factor in maintaining long-term community engagement and adaptability. The research further explores the role of scale in co-living communities, emphasizing the balance between group size, spontaneity, and social cohesion. The cluster collective model is identified as a promising approach, combining scalability with diversity while addressing the challenges of isolation and fragmentation.
The study culminates in the formulation of 32 living environment principles, compiled as a pattern language, which serve as design guidelines for future co-living projects. These principles provide a framework to enhance social cohesion, adaptability, and sustainability in collective housing, ensuring that co-living developments effectively address urban loneliness while fostering resilient communities.