Validation of high frame rate echo-PIV with optical PIV in a realistic left ventricular phantom

Abstract

Investigation of the complex intra-ventricular flow patterns in the left ventricle (LV) remains a challenge in clinical ultrasound. Echo-particle image velocimetry (ePIV) is able to estimate 2D flow from 2D images, but it is known to underestimate the high velocity flows present during the filling and ejection periods of the cardiac cycle[1], [2]. High frame rate (HFR) ultrasound imaging has been shown to improve the dynamic range of velocities resolvable by ePIV[3]. However, HFR ePIV has yet to be verified in the complex flow environment of the LV. In this study we compare HFR ePIV against the gold standard optical PIV (oPIV) in a realistic geometry dynamic LV phantom.