Fast-charge high-voltage layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteries
Q. Wang (TU Delft - RST/Storage of Electrochemical Energy)
Dong Zhou (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin)
C. Zhao (TU Delft - RST/Storage of Electrochemical Energy)
Jianlin Wang (Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Hao Guo (China Institute of Atomic Energy)
LA Wang (Zhejiang University - Hangzhou)
Zhenpeng Yao (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
Jun Lu (Zhejiang University - Hangzhou)
M. Wagemaker (TU Delft - RST/Storage of Electrochemical Energy)
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Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries have not only garnered substantial attention for grid-scale energy storage owing to the higher abundance of sodium compared with lithium, but also present the possibility of fast charging because of the inherently higher sodium-ion mobility. However, it remains a phenomenal challenge to achieve a combination of these merits, given the complex structural chemistry of sodium-ion oxide materials. Here we show that O3-type sodium-ion layered cathodes (for example, Na5/6Li2/27Ni8/27Mn11/27Ti6/27O2) have the potential to attain high power density, high energy density (260 Wh kg−1 at the electrode level) and long cycle life (capacity retention of 80% over 700 cycles in full cells). The design involves introduction of characteristic P3-structural motifs into an O3-type framework that serves to promote sodium-ion diffusivity and address detrimental transition metal migration and phase transition at a high state of charge. This study provides a principle for the rational design of sodium-ion layered oxide electrodes and advances the understanding of the composition–structure–property relationships of oxide cathode materials.