TinyML-Empowered Indoor Positioning with Light
A Study on the Impact of LED Aging and Failure
J.W. Li (TU Delft - Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science)
Q. Wang – Mentor (TU Delft - Embedded Systems)
R. Zhu – Mentor (TU Delft - Embedded Systems)
Rangarao Venkatesha Prasad – Graduation committee member (TU Delft - Networked Systems)
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Abstract
Visible light positioning (VLP) enables accurate indoor localization by leveraging a dense deployment of LEDs in future lighting infrastructure, but its widespread adoption is hindered by two key challenges: the need for densely sampled fingerprint datasets and performance degradation due to LED aging or failure. In this work, we propose a VLP framework that reduces reliance on dense fingerprinting and remains robust over time without requiring manual re-fingerprinting. Using a dataset acquired from the DenseVLC testbed, we evaluate preprocessing techniques that enhance positioning accuracy under noisy received signal strength (RSS) measurements. To address long-term reliability, we introduce a simulation framework that models LED degradation and sudden failures. Most importantly, we present an online learning approach that dynamically adapts the positioning model in response to environmental and infrastructure changes.
In our simulations, this approach maintains the original level of accuracy despite aging effects. In some cases, it yields up to a 95% improvement when evaluated over longer timespans. Furthermore, our preprocessing contributions have led to a 30% improvement to baseline performance without aging. Our results demonstrate a path toward scalable, self-sustaining VLP systems suitable for real-world deployment.