Linear Reinforcement Learning for Energy Storage Systems Optimal Dispatch

Abstract

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a promising solution for defining the optimal dispatch of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) in distributed energy systems. However, a notable gap exists in the literature: a lack of comprehensive and fair comparisons between different RL algorithms, particularly between linear and nonlinear approaches. This study critically evaluates the trade-offs between computational efficiency and operational accuracy among various Linear RL (LRL) strategies and compares them against the nonlinear Deep-Q-Network (DQN) algorithm. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study benchmarks the model-based Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) results to assess and compare these algorithms' convergence, training efficiency, and optimization accuracy. Results indicate that while LRL approaches the operational cost accuracy of DQN, it faces significant trade-offs in computational efficiency and struggles with generalization across larger and varied datasets. The results illuminate critical areas for further development in LRL methodologies, particularly in enhancing their adaptability and generalization capabilities.