A fast, NLTHA-based assessment method for out-of-plane capacity of URM walls
the Wandenaanpak framework for the Groningen building stock
Nicolò Damiani (Università di Pavia)
Satyadhrik Sharma (TU Delft - Civil Engineering & Geosciences)
Mario de Rooij (TNO)
Francesco Graziotti (Università di Pavia)
Francesco Messali (TU Delft - Civil Engineering & Geosciences)
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Abstract
Induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field has raised concerns regarding the structural safety of the local building stock, which is predominantly composed of unreinforced masonry (URM). Assessments performed according to the current Dutch guidelines (NPR 9998) have often shown insufficient out-of-plane (OOP) capacity in URM walls, which frequently governs the seismic safety check. Annex H of NPR 9998 provides a three-tier approach for OOP assessment, with increasing levels of complexity and accuracy. The first two tiers are based on nonlinear kinematic analyses (NLKA) and allow for rapid evaluation, while the third tier prescribes nonlinear time-history analyses (NLTHA) of the entire building, which provide a more detailed representation of wall response but are computationally demanding and impractical for portfolio-level screening, especially only when the local OOP capacity of walls is of concern. To circumvent this, the Wandenaanpak project developed a method that is fast, and easy to apply without being overly conservative. The method is implemented in a web-based tool that provides engineers with precomputed results for a wide range of building and wall configurations, both un-strengthened and retrofitted.