Analysis of gasification biochar from lignocellulosic waste for high performance biographite anode
M.J. Weijers (TU Delft - ChemE/Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage)
F.M. Mulder (TU Delft - ChemE/Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage)
Luis Cutz (TU Delft - Large Scale Energy Storage)
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Abstract
Renewable graphite from low-grade waste is an alternative for fossil-derived graphite for anodes in lithium-ion batteries. This study investigates into whether the biochar produced from indirect biomass gasification can be used as lithium anode active material after graphitization. In this study, we focus on the biochar by-product from gasified wood pellets using a novel 50 kWth Indirectly Heated Bubbling Fluidized Bed Steam Reformer (IHBFBSR) design. The resulting biographite is analyzed according to its crystallinity, morphology, surface composition and subsurface composition. Also, the material is tested in half cell batteries to determine its suitability for lithium-ion batteries. The biographite shows a high crystallinity which is necessary for good lithium diffusivity in the lattice structure. However, the biographite flakes are not homogeneous in size. Testing in half cell batteries demonstrated that 96 % of the theoretical graphite capacity is reached. The material shows capacity fade linked to exfoliation of the material. The initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) during charging is lower than conventional graphites due to surface reactivity. Size distribution, exfoliation and ICE must therefore be addressed to make the IHBFBSR biographite fit for battery utility.
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