Understanding the Commercialization Timelines, Barriers, and Strategies for Next-Generation Nuclear Fission Technologies
S. Kulkarni (TU Delft - Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science)
Stefan Pfenninger – Mentor (TU Delft - Energy and Industry)
L.M. Kamp – Mentor (TU Delft - Energy and Industry)
G. Van De Kaa – Graduation committee member (TU Delft - Economics of Technology and Innovation)
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Abstract
This thesis investigates the commercialization of next-generation nuclear fission technologies, focusing on the barriers, strategies, and timelines necessary for their deployment. With the growing need for clean and reliable energy, nuclear fission offers a low-carbon solution, but its commercialization is challenged by regulatory, financial, and technological hurdles. The research uses a dual-method approach, combining desk research and expert interviews. Through desk research, commercialization timelines of 10 key companies developing next-generation nuclear reactors were mapped. These companies are at different stages, ranging from ideation to prototyping, with varying timelines influenced by strategic partnerships, regulatory approvals, and technological progress.
The expert interviews reveal significant barriers to commercialization, including lengthy regulatory approval processes, high upfront costs, and public skepticism surrounding nuclear technology. Financial constraints, especially the difficulty in attracting investment due to long payback periods, were noted as major impediments. Experts also highlighted the need for technological innovation, particularly in materials testing and reactor designs, to meet stringent safety standards.
In response to these challenges, the thesis identifies strategies such as early engagement with regulatory bodies, diversification of funding sources, and open communication to address public concerns. Technological advancements, such as modular reactor designs and improved safety features, are critical to overcoming these hurdles. By combining the insights from commercialization timelines and expert interviews, this study offers recommendations to accelerate the commercialization process, emphasizing the need for policy support, innovative financial models, and continuous technological development. Nuclear fission remains a promising solution to the global energy crisis, but coordinated efforts are required to unlock its full potential.