Sulfur-Rich Ageing Mechanism of Silicone Encapsulant Used in LED Packaging

Abstract

In a light-emitting diode (LED) package, silicone encapsulant serves as a chip protector and enables the light to transmit, since it exhibits the advantages of high light transmittance, high refractive index, and high thermal stability. However, its reliability is still challenged under harsh operation conditions. In this study, the optical and mechanical properties of silicone encapsulant, including appearance, light transmittance, Young’s modulus, and tensile strength, were experimentally monitored during the sulfur-rich ageing process. Meanwhile, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to reveal its degradation mechanism. The results show that 1) in the sulfur (S₈)-rich ageing process, the severe vulcanization reaction occurred in silicone encapsulant assisted only by high temperature and high moisture, with the existence of H₂S as the reaction product of S₈ and H₂O vapor. 2) Vulcanization characterized by the formation of the sulfhydryl (-SH) group lowered both optical and mechanical properties of silicone encapsulant. 3) The hydrolysis reaction featured by the formation of the hydroxyl (-OH) group decreased the mechanical performances of silicone encapsulant but brought slight harm to its optical performances.