Twenty years of experience with central softening in The Netherlands
Water quality – Environmental benefits – Costs
Jan Jaap Hofman (Waternet)
OJI Kramer (Waternet)
J.P. van der Hoek (Waternet)
M Nederlof (Vitens N.V.)
M Groenendijk (Brabant water)
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Abstract
Central softening has been utilized by the Dutch water utilities since the late 1970s. It was introduced in the water treatment process as a method to supply water with an optimum water composition to prevent lead and copper release and to prevent excessive scaling. Twenty years of experience show that central softening is beneficial for public health, has significant environmental benefits and that it lowers social costs. Also enhanced consumer comfort is a result of distribution of water with low scaling potential. This paper will describe the water quality improvements and will quantify the benefits realized in practice.