Landscape-based Solutions (LBS) for Bio-Cultural Diversity
S. Nijhuis (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)
L. Geerling (Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland (RVO))
Nico Tillie (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)
Cristal Ange (Fundación Herencia Ambiental Caribe)
R.J.A. de Wolf (TU Delft - Architecture and the Built Environment)
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Abstract
This research explores landscape-based solutions (LBS) as an integrated, transdisciplinary approach to address the interlinked challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and water insecurity. LBS aim to regenerate living landscapes by combining ecological science, indigenous knowledge, and spatial design. Rooted in local conditions—such as climate, ecology, water, and cultural history—LBS support inclusive, multifunctional landscapes that enhance both ecological resilience and social equity. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines global mapping of Indigenous and Traditional Ecological Knowledge (IEK/TEK), a survey of practical LBS applications, and engagement in real-time landscape projects in Indonesia, the Netherlands, and Germany. A cross-case analysis reveals diverse strategies and shared success factors, including grounding in local systems, strong community involvement, and adaptive, multi-scalar design. The ultimate goal is to influence global water governance by demonstrating the value of integrating ancestral knowledge into contemporary landscape strategies. In alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals—especially SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land)—this research promotes ecologically sound and culturally rooted solutions. It contributes to a transferable framework for sustainable landscape planning in both urban and rural contexts.