A Bluetooth Low-Energy Transceiver with 3.7-mW All-Digital Transmitter, 2.75-mW High-IF Discrete-Time Receiver, and TX/RX Switchable On-Chip Matching Network
F Kuo (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC))
S. Ferreira (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul)
R Chen (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC))
L Cho (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC))
CP Jou (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC))
F.L. Hsueh (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC))
I. Madadi (TU Delft - Electronics)
M. Tohidian (TU Delft - Electronics)
M. Shahmohammadi (TU Delft - Electronic Components, Technology and Materials)
M. Babaie (TU Delft - Electronics)
R.B. Staszewski (TU Delft - Electronics)
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Abstract
We present an ultra-low-power Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) transceiver (TRX) for the Internet of Things (IoT) optimized for digital 28-nm CMOS. A transmitter (TX) employs an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) with a switched current-source digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) featuring low frequency pushing, and class-E/F2 digital power amplifier (PA), featuring high efficiency. Low 1/ f DCO noise allows the ADPLL to shut down after acquiring lock. The receiver operates in discrete time at high sampling rate (10 Gsamples/s) with intermediate frequency placed beyond 1/ f noise corner of MOS devices. New multistage multirate charge-sharing bandpass filters are adapted to achieve high out-of-band linearity, low noise, and low power consumption. An integrated on-chip matching network serves to both PA and low-noise transconductance amplifier, thus allowing a 1-pin direct antenna connection with no external band-selection filters. The TRX consumes 2.75 mW on the RX side and 3.7 mW on the TX side when delivering 0 dBm in BLE.