A Bluetooth Low-Energy Transceiver with 3.7-mW All-Digital Transmitter, 2.75-mW High-IF Discrete-Time Receiver, and TX/RX Switchable On-Chip Matching Network
FW Kuo (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC))
Sandro Binsfeld Ferreira (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul)
Ron Chen (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC))
Lan Chou Cho (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC))
C. P. Jou (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC))
Fu-Lung Hsueh (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC))
I Madadi (TU Delft - Electronics)
M. Tohidian (TU Delft - Electronics)
M. Shahmohammadi (TU Delft - Electronic Components, Technology and Materials)
M. Babaie (TU Delft - Electronics)
R.B. Staszewski (TU Delft - Electronics)
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Abstract
We present an ultra-low-power Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) transceiver (TRX) for the Internet of Things (IoT) optimized for digital 28-nm CMOS. A transmitter (TX) employs an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) with a switched current-source digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) featuring low frequency pushing, and class-E/F2 digital power amplifier (PA), featuring high efficiency. Low 1/ f DCO noise allows the ADPLL to shut down after acquiring lock. The receiver operates in discrete time at high sampling rate (10 Gsamples/s) with intermediate frequency placed beyond 1/ f noise corner of MOS devices. New multistage multirate charge-sharing bandpass filters are adapted to achieve high out-of-band linearity, low noise, and low power consumption. An integrated on-chip matching network serves to both PA and low-noise transconductance amplifier, thus allowing a 1-pin direct antenna connection with no external band-selection filters. The TRX consumes 2.75 mW on the RX side and 3.7 mW on the TX side when delivering 0 dBm in BLE.