An Aging-Robust 32MHz RC Frequency Reference With 0.4ppm Allan Deviation and ±1550ppm Inaccuracy From -40°C to 125°C After a 1-Point Trim

Journal Article (2026)
Author(s)

Sining Pan (Tsinghua University)

Xiaohan Liu (Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University)

Junlong Zeng (Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology)

Yihang Cheng (Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology)

Kofi A.A. Makinwa (TU Delft - Microelectronics)

Huaqiang Wu (Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology)

Department
Microelectronics
DOI related publication
https://doi.org/10.1109/LSSC.2026.3664504
More Info
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Publication Year
2026
Language
English
Department
Microelectronics
Volume number
9
Pages (from-to)
81-84
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Abstract

This letter presents an aging-robust 32MHz RC frequency reference based on a frequency-locked-loop (FLL). With a temperature compensation scheme that combines BJTs and aging-robust diffusion resistors, the FLL achieves ±1550ppm inaccuracy from -40°C to 125°C after batch calibration and a low-cost 1-point trim, which increases to ±2350ppm after accelerated aging. Due to the extensive use of dynamic error-correction techniques, the FLL also achieves a state-of-the-art Allan deviation floor of 0.4ppm.

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