TU Delft Repository

The first launch of the Ariane 6 launch vehicle is planned for 2020, however in its current design no significant part of the launcher will be reusable. A current trend in the global space market is decreasing the costs of spacecraft launches through recovery, retrieval and refurbishment of parts of launchers. As a first step towards this market demand, it is to be investigated whether it is cost-effective to recover, refurbish and reuse the key components of the first stage of the Ariane 6, which are contained in the Vulcain Aft Bay (VuAB). This is where the engine, fuel lines, thrust frame and electronics are attached. The team has the task to develop a cost effective way of reusing the Vulcain Aft Bay. In the preceding report, multiple concepts were analysed and one concept was selected to complete the conceptual design. This concept consists of an Inflatable Heat Shield for re-entry, a Parafoil to control the flight at lower altitudes and a Mid-Air retrieval using a helicopter to perform a soft landing. A functional analysis was performed to define concept specific functions. This was done by means of a Functional Flow Diagram and Functional Breakdown Structure. In order to fulfil these functions, simulations were created of the most critical moments of the mission. One set of simulations analyse the trajectory of the system throughout the mission, predicting the location of landing. The other set of simulations is used to predict the critical load cases of the system. The aforementioned simulations were used to design the individual components of the system. By integrating these simulations and managing the iteration process, the overall system characteristics and configuration were established. The system was then analysed for sustainability, reliability, risk, maintainability and safety. The requirement compliance of the system was then updated, detailing which requirements have achieved full compliance, marginal compliance, no compliance and which have not been sufficiently investigated. Proposals to make all requirements fully compliant are included in a feasibility analysis. These include different design approaches for the team and design changes to the VuAB to accommodate the recovery system. From there strategies on future verification and validation activities was set forth together with operational, refurbishment and production plans. These plans and the design of the system were used to create an updated business model with return on investment figures, which predict a significant cost reduction on a per launch basis within five years. Finally a set of future recommendations and plan is proposed for the continuation of the project.

Climate change and rising sea levels pose significant challenges for coastal cities like Rotterdam. My graduation project, Living with Water, explores how architecture can contribute to water-resilient living environments while enriching the human experience of water. The project focuses on the Merwehaven, a transformation area outside the dike, which faces a high risk of flooding but also presents opportunities to strengthen Rotterdam’s connection with its harbour and water.
The central research question asks: “How can architecture accommodate rising sea levels, ensuring human experience and sustainability in the context of the harbour of Rotterdam?” By integrating floating and amphibious housing typologies, sustainable materials, and innovative construction techniques, the project proposes a residential building that strengthens its connection to water. Additional functions—such as community centres, exhibition spaces, and educational facilities—enhance the area’s social and cultural value.
The research consists of two key elements: exploring how architecture can influence human perception and emotional engagement with water and examining the technical possibilities of building with water. Through case study analysis and a multisensory design framework, the project highlights water’s impact on sight, sound, smell, touch, and taste. The findings show that integrating water-sensitive design principles can enhance the resilience and livability of port cities.
This project contributes to the broader discourse on climate-adaptive architecture, offering a prototype that balances technical innovation with social and ecological awareness. It serves as a model for other coastal cities worldwide, demonstrating how water-resilient architecture can create sustainable, vibrant urban environments.