CO2 emission information in supply chain decision making

Abstract

The global transport sector currently contributes 23% of carbon dioxide emissions, a figure set to double by 2050 without mitigation efforts. While Scope 3 emissions, notably in container transport, are challenging to address, they constitute over half of all emissions. This study explores cargo owners' perspectives on Scope 3 emissions and identifies opportunities for mitigation. With impending Scope 3 reporting obligations in 2024, the shipping sector lacks a clear path for emissions reduction. The research aims to bridge this gap by examining how carbon emission information in port environments can enhance the sustainability of logistics processes. The study combines supply chain performance theory, decision-making processes, and decarbonization of logistics into a conceptual framework. A multiple case study, incorporating diverse cases based on product and market segments, validates the framework. Interviews with logistical decision-makers and experts reveal challenges such as lack of data availability, data quality, responsibility, and intrinsic motivation. The study identifies legislative pressure, consumer and shareholder influence, and comparison functions as potential drivers for prioritizing carbon emissions in decision making. Improvements suggested include enhanced data quality through responsibility agreements, standardized emission tools with mode comparison functions, and the facilitation role of port authorities. Technological development is seen as crucial for increasing sustainable options, with legislative and stakeholder pressures necessary for cargo owners to prioritize carbon emissions in decision making. The study concludes that emission information tools, supported by port authorities, can contribute to a more sustainable approach in logistics decision making.