Print Email Facebook Twitter Augmented reality for supporting the interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles Title Augmented reality for supporting the interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles: an experimental outdoor study Author Aleva, T.K. (Student TU Delft) Tabone, W. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction) Dodou, D. (TU Delft Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology) de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft Human-Robot Interaction) Date 2024 Abstract Introduction: Communication from automated vehicles (AVs) to pedestrians using augmented reality (AR) could positively contribute to traffic safety. However, previous AR research for pedestrians was mainly conducted through online questionnaires or experiments in virtual environments instead of real ones.Methods: In this study, 28 participants conducted trials outdoors with an approaching AV and were supported by four different AR interfaces. The AR experience was created by having participants wear a Varjo XR-3 headset with see-through functionality, with the AV and AR elements virtually overlaid onto the real environment. The AR interfaces were vehicle-locked (Planes on vehicle), world-locked (Fixed pedestrian lights, Virtual fence), or head-locked (Pedestrian lights HUD). Participants had to hold down a button when they felt it was safe to cross, and their opinions were obtained through rating scales, interviews, and a questionnaire.Results: The results showed that participants had a subjective preference for AR interfaces over no AR interface. Furthermore, the Pedestrian lights HUD was more effective than no AR interface in a statistically significant manner, as it led to participants more frequently keeping the button pressed. The Fixed pedestrian lights scored lower than the other interfaces, presumably due to low saliency and the fact that participants had to visually identify both this AR interface and the AV.Discussion: In conclusion, while users favour AR in AV-pedestrian interactions over no AR, its effectiveness depends on design factors like location, visibility, and visual attention demands. In conclusion, this work provides important insights into the use of AR outdoors. The findings illustrate that, in these circumstances, a clear and easily interpretable AR interface is of key importance. Subject augmented realitypedestrian safetyanchoringsee-through ARhead-mounted device (HMD) To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ae1f97a8-00ea-49bd-80dc-7ff0a454b26e DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2024.1324060 ISSN 2296-9144 Source Frontiers In Robotics and AI, 11 Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2024 T.K. Aleva, W. Tabone, D. Dodou, J.C.F. de Winter Files PDF frobt-11-1324060.pdf 31.15 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:ae1f97a8-00ea-49bd-80dc-7ff0a454b26e/datastream/OBJ/view