The lasting impact of formation cycling on the Li-ion kinetics between SEI and the Li-metal anode and its correlation with efficiency

The lasting impact of formation cycling on the Li-ion kinetics between SEI and the Li-metal anode and its correlation with efficiency

Zhang, S. (TU Delft RST/Storage of Electrochemical Energy)
Li, Yuhang (Tsinghua University)
Bannenberg, L.J. (TU Delft RID/TS/Instrumenten groep)
Liu, Ming (Tsinghua University)
Ganapathy, S. (TU Delft RID/TS/Instrumenten groep)
Wagemaker, M. (TU Delft RST/Storage of Electrochemical Energy)

2024

Formation cycling is a critical process aimed at improving the performance of lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries during subsequent use. Achieving highly reversible Li-metal anodes, which would boost battery energy density, is a formidable challenge. Here, formation cycling and its impact on the subsequent cycling are largely unexplored. Through solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy experiments, we reveal the critical role of the Li-ion diffusion dynamics between the electrodeposited Li-metal (ED-Li) and the as-formed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The most stable cycling performance is realized after formation cycling at a relatively high current density, causing an optimum in Li-ion diffusion over the Li-metal-SEI interface. We can relate this to a specific balance in the SEI chemistry, explaining the lasting impact of formation cycling. Thereby, this work highlights the importance and opportunities of regulating initial electrochemical conditions for improving the stability and life cycle of lithium metal batteries.

http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e661bc93-dba4-4b65-a1bf-c9ae79081bec

https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj8889

2375-2548

Science Advances, 10 (3), eadj8889

Institutional Repository

journal article

© 2024 S. Zhang, Yuhang Li, L.J. Bannenberg, Ming Liu, S. Ganapathy, M. Wagemaker