Exploring the possibility of using CO2 as a proxy for exhaled particles to predict the risk of indoor exposure to pathogens

Airborne transmission has been confirmed as one of three principal ways of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. To reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 indoors, understanding the distribution of respiratory droplets (or aerosols) present in human breath seems therefore important. To study whether the CO2 concentration can be used as a proxy for the number...

Exergy Return on Exergy Investment and CO₂Intensity of the Underground Biomethanation Process

This paper presents an assessment of the life-cycle exergetic efficiency and CO2 footprint of the underground biomethanation process. The subsurface formation, hosting microorganisms required for the reaction, is utilized to convert CO2 and green (produced from renewable energy) hydrogen to the so-called "green"or synthetic methane. The net...

Physiological responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to industrially relevant conditions: Slow growth, low pH, and high CO₂ levels

Engineered strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are used for industrial production of succinic acid. Optimal process conditions for dicarboxylic-acid yield and recovery include slow growth, low pH, and high CO₂. To quantify and understand how these process parameters affect yeast physiology, this study investigates individual and...

Engineering Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂: A Minireview

The electrochemical reduction of CO₂ holds great promise for lowering the concentration of CO₂ in the Earth′s atmosphere. However, several challenges have hindered the commercialization of this technology, including energy efficiency, the solubility of CO₂ in the aqueous phase, and electrode stability. In this...

In-Situ Infrared Spectroscopy Applied to the Study of the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO₂: Theory, Practice and Challenges

The field of electrochemical CO₂ conversion is undergoing significant growth in terms of the number of publications and worldwide research groups involved. Despite improvements of the catalytic performance, the complex reaction mechanisms and solution chemistry of CO₂ have resulted in a considerable amount of...

Advances in the Electronics for Cyclic Voltammetry: The Case of Gas Detection by Using Microfabricated Electrodes

This paper presents an advanced voltammetric system to be used as electronic tongue for liquid and gas analysis. It has been designed to be more flexible and accurate with respect to other existing and similar systems. It features improved electronics and additional operative conditions. Among others these include the possibility to optically...

Potential of commodity chemicals to become bio-based according to maximum yields and petrochemical prices

Carbohydrates are the prevailing biomass components available for bio-based production. The most direct way to convert carbohydrates into commodity chemicals is by one-step conversion at maximum theoretical yield, such as by anaerobic fermentation without side product formation. Considering these hypothetical yields and petrochemical prices...

Routing strategy including time and carbon dioxide emissions: effects on network performance

Traffic congestion leads to delays and increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Traffic management measures such as providing information on environmental route costs have been proposed to mitigate congestion. Multi-criteria routing dynamic traffic assignment (MCR-DTA) models are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such measures. This paper...

Catalytic dehydrogenations of ethylbenzene to styrene

This research work on the catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (EB) to styrene (ST) had a primary goal of developing improved catalysts for dehydrogenation processes both in CO2 as well as with O2 that can compete with the conventional dehydrogenation process in steam. In order to achieve this goal, all these processes need to be properly...

Thermodynamic properties of acid gases in mixture with natural gas and water

The reliable removal of acid gas components, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural gas is an important technical challenge. Crude oil and hydrocarbon gas streams may contain high levels of CO2 and/or H2S as contaminants. It is desirable to prevent any contaminant to reach the surface, or to considerably reduce the...

Fluid phase behaviour of ionic liquid-based systems of interest for green processes: Measurements and modelling

In the last decades a large number of applications with ionic liquids (IL) have emerged, and since the discovery that carbon dioxide can tune the miscibility of IL+organic mixtures, special attention has been drawn to the use of IL and CO2 as combined solvents for synthesis and extractions. To evaluate the applicability of the miscibility switch...

Carbon dioxide transport and retention in coal

Protein stabilisation and controlled particulate production by supercritical fluid drying

Carbon dioxide was used as a drying medium for the preparation of micro-size powders from aqueous solutions in a high-pressure spray-drying process. This technology was shown to be an alternative to traditional drying processes that could be successfully used for the dry formulation of therapeutic proteins, the preparation of stable amorphous...

The ideal solution

A smart use of high-pressure carbon dioxide may make a special class of eco-friendly solvents known as ionic liquids much more attractive to the fine chemical industry. Researcher Dr. Maaike Kroon has demonstrated that, on paper at least, the savings can be astronomical.

Combined reactions and separations using ionic liquids and carbon dioxide

A new and general type of process for the chemical industry is presented using ionic liquids and supercritical carbon dioxide as combined reaction and separation media. In this process, the carbon dioxide pressure controls the miscibility of reactants, products, catalyst and ionic liquid, enabling fast atom-efficient reactions in a homogenous...

Dry-cleaning with high-pressure carbon dioxide

Dry-cleaning is a process for removing soils and stains from fabrics and garments which uses a non-aqueous solvent with detergent added. The currently most used dry-cleaning solvent is perchloroethylene (PER), which is toxic, environmentally harmful and suspected to be carcinogenic. Carbon dioxide could be an ideal solvent to replace PER; carbon...