Quantifying riming from airborne data during the HALO-(AC)³campaign

Riming is a key precipitation formation process in mixed-phase clouds which efficiently converts cloud liquid to ice water. Here, we present two methods to quantify riming of ice particles from airborne observations with the normalized rime mass, which is the ratio of rime mass to the mass of a size-equivalent spherical graupel particle. We...

Thermodynamic and cloud evolution in a cold-Air outbreak during HALO-(AC) 3: Quasi-Lagrangian observations compared to the ERA5 and CARRA reanalyses

Arctic air masses undergo intense transformations when moving southward from closed sea ice to warmer open waters in marine cold-Air outbreaks (CAOs). Due to the lack of measurements of diabatic heating and moisture uptake rates along CAO flows, studies often depend on atmospheric reanalysis output. However, the uncertainties connected to...

Downscaling MODIS NDSI to Sentinel-2 fractional snow cover by random forest regression

Imagery acquired by the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provides a global archive of dailyNormalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) at 500 m nominal resolution since the year 2000. While Sentinel-2 (S2) NDSI provides an increased spatial resolution of 20 m since the year 2015, the temporal resolution amounts to only 5 days...

Microphysical and thermodynamic phase analyses of Arctic low-level clouds measured above the sea ice and the open ocean in spring and summer

Airborne in situ cloud measurements were carried out over the northern Fram Strait between Greenland and Svalbard in spring 2019 and summer 2020. In total, 811 min of low-level cloud observations were performed during 20 research flights above the sea ice and the open Arctic ocean with the Polar 5 research aircraft of the Alfred Wegener...

Icing wind tunnel measurements of supercooled large droplets using the 12 mm total water content cone of the Nevzorov probe

Supercooled large droplet (SLD) icing can occur behind the protected surfaces of an aircraft and create severe aerodynamic disturbances, which represent a safety hazard for aviation. Liquid water content (LWC) measurements in icing conditions that contain SLDs require instruments that are able to sample unimodal and bimodal droplet size...

Climatic Rating of Photovoltaic Modules: Different Technologies for Various Operating Conditions

Experimental and theoretical characterization of commercial nanofiltration membranes for the treatment of ion exchange spent regenerant

This work presents a joint experimental and simulation campaign aimed at characterizing two nanofiltration membranes (TS80 and NF270) in the presence of a multi-ionic water solution simulating the spent regenerant of cationic ion exchange resins employed for water softening. We identified the membrane parameters, which allowed for predicting...

Classification and challenges of bottom-up energy system models - A review

This paper reviews the classification schemes used for bottom-up energy system modelling and proposes a novel one as re-elaboration of the previous schemes. Moreover, this paper identifies that the main challenges of this research field rotate around the concept of resolution. A matrix of challenges in which four main fields are identified:...

Multiple Supersonic Phase Fronts Launched at a Complex-Oxide Heterointerface

Selective optical excitation of a substrate lattice can drive phase changes across heterointerfaces. This phenomenon is a nonequilibrium analogue of static strain control in heterostructures and may lead to new applications in optically controlled phase change devices. Here, we make use of time-resolved nonresonant and resonant x-ray...

The Chelyabinsk airburst: Implications for the Impact Hazard

Cavitation in a bulb turbine

Menging door scheepvaart: Onderzoek naar menging door scheepvaart in de Westsluis van het Volkeraksluizencomplex

Zoutindringing achter schutsluizen: Toepassing TWOLAY voor prototype situaties

Zoutindringing achter schutsluizen: Fysisch testen van het impliciete model TWOLAY (getijgootomstandigheden)