Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Intrinsic SNR in Spin Qubit Gate-Based Readout and Its Impacts on Readout Electronics

In semiconductor spin quantum bits (qubits), the radio-frequency (RF) gate-based readout is a promising solution for future large-scale integration, as it allows for a fast, frequency-multiplexed readout architecture, enabling multiple qubits to be read out simultaneously. This article introduces a theoretical framework to evaluate the effect...

An Inverted Doherty Power Amplifier Insensitive to Load Variation With an Embedded Impedance Sensor in Its Output Power-Combining Network

This article presents an inverted Doherty power amplifier (IDPA) made load insensitive up to 2:1 voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) across its fractional bandwidth with a very compact wideband impedance sensor embedded in its output power-combining network (OPCN). To correct for load variation, a low-loss tunable resonator (TR) is used to...

CMOS integrated circuits for the quantum information sciences

Over the past decade, significant progress in quantum technologies has been made, and hence, engineering of these systems has become an important research area. Many researchers have become interested in studying ways in which classical integrated circuits can be used to complement quantum mechanical systems, enabling more compact, performant...

A Highly Linear Receiver Using Parallel Preselect Filter for 5G Microcell Base Station Applications

By introducing three different techniques, this article, for the first time, presents a wideband highly linear receiver (RX) capable of handling blocking scenarios in fifth-generation (5G) microcell base station applications. First, a parallel preselect filter is introduced to satisfy the base station co-location blocking requirements. Next,...

Continuous Occupancy Mapping in Dynamic Environments Using Particles

Particle-based dynamic occupancy maps were proposed in recent years to model the obstacles in dynamic environments. Current particle-based maps describe the occupancy status in discrete grid form and suffer from the grid size problem, wherein a large grid size is unfavorable for motion planning while a small grid size lowers efficiency and...

A Wideband IQ-Mapping Direct-Digital RF Modulator for 5G Transmitters

This article presents a wideband 2× 12 -bit direct-digital RF modulator (DDRM) operating in a 0.5-to-3-GHz band for 5G transmitters. The proposed digital Cartesian modulator features an advanced IQ-mapping technique to boost RF power by 3 dB and suppress the I/Q image. To verify the proposed concept, a 40-nm CMOS prototype is implemented...

A Low-Jitter and Low-Spur Charge-Sampling PLL

This article presents a low-jitter and low-spur charge-sampling phase-locked loop (CSPLL). A charge-domain sub-sampling phase detector is introduced to achieve a high phase-detection gain and to reduce the PLL in-band phase noise. Even without employing any power-hungry isolation buffers, the proposed phase detector dramatically suppresses...

Distributed Adaptive Optimization with Weight-Balancing

This article addresses the continuous-time distributed optimization of a strictly convex summation-separable cost function with possibly nonconvex local functions over strongly connected digraphs. Distributed optimization methods in the literature require convexity of local functions, or balanced weights, or vanishing step sizes, or algebraic...

A Crystal-Less Clock Generation Technique for Battery-Free Wireless Systems

The size of wireless systems is required to be reduced in many applications, such as ultra-low-power sensor nodes and wearable/implantable devices, where battery and crystal are the two main bottlenecks in system miniaturization. In recent years, battery-free radios based on wireless power transfer (WPT) have shown great potential in...

High-Power Digital Transmitters for Wireless Infrastructure Applications (A Feasibility Study)

Fully digital transmitters (DTXs) have the potential of replacing analog-intensive transmitter (TX) line-ups in future massive multiple-input and multiple-output (mMIMO) systems since they hold the promise of higher system integration level and energy efficiency. DTX operation so far has been limited to low RF output powers. This article...

A Current Re-Use Quadrature RF Receiver Front-End for Low Power Applications: Blixator Circuit

This article presents the theory and implementation of a quadrature and differential RF front-end receiver. Combining balun, low-noise amplifier (LNA), mixer, and oscillator in a single stage, the proposed circuit, named the Blixator, is well suited for low-power applications. The baseband's transimpedance amplifier (TIA) also shares part of...

Optimization of the signal-to-background ratio in prompt gamma imaging using energy- and shifting time-of-flight discrimination: experiments with a scanning parallel-slit collimator

Much attention is currently being paid to imaging prompt gamma (PG) rays for in vivo proton range monitoring in proton therapy. PG imaging using a collimator is affected by neutron-related background. We study the effectiveness of background reduction experimentally, using a scanning parallel-slit PG collimator as a simplified model of a...

A Fully Integrated Discrete-Time Superheterodyne Receiver

The zero/low intermediate frequency (IF) receiver (RX) architecture has enabled full CMOS integration. As the technology scales and wireless standards become ever more challenging, the issues related to time-varying dc offsets, the second-order nonlinearity, and flicker noise become more critical. In this paper, we propose a new architecture of...

A Fully Integrated Bluetooth Low-Energy Transmitter in 28 nm CMOS With 36% System Efficiency at 3 dBm

We propose a new transmitter architecture for ultra-low power radios in which the most energy-hungry RF circuits operate at a supply just above a threshold voltage of CMOS transistors. An all-digital PLL employs a digitally controlled oscillator with switching current sources to reduce supply voltage and power without sacrificing its startup...